Abstract The relationship between housing prices (HP) and household non-housing consumption (CON) is a key topic worldwide. By developing a panel threshold model and utilizing data from 18 provinces in central and western China from 2005 to 2020, this study investigates the impact of housing prices on household non-housing consumption given housing credit constraints. The results show that (1) housing credit constraints play a single threshold role in the impact of housing prices on household non-housing consumption; (2) the elasticity of housing price fluctuation on household non-housing consumption was negative in the western region during the entire sample period, and the elasticity of housing price fluctuation on household non-housing consumption decreased when housing credit constraints exceeded its threshold value; (3) the effects of housing price fluctuation on household non-housing consumption in the central region changed from negative to positive when housing credit constraints exceeded its threshold value. These outcomes implies that housing credit constraints are not a factor driving a low household non-housing consumption rate in the studied regions. Importantly, our findings suggest that unaffordable housing prices and homeownership linked to better public education resources in combination were a key factor leading to a low non-housing consumption rate in the studied regions. The main contribution of this paper is to supplement the current academic research on low levels of consumption in underdeveloped regions of China and the impact of housing prices on consumption.
Understanding potassium fertilizer supply and demand is important in terms of the fertilizer market and sustainable development of agriculture.This study analyzes the relationship between potassium fertilizer supply and demand and evaluates China's potassium fertilizer market based on the economic theory of welfare-maximization.We evaluate the characteristics of potassium fertilizer supply and demand in three time periods(before 1998,1998～2006,and after 2006) and propose measures to optimize the potassium fertilizer market.China has been a major consumer of potash resources and potassium fertilizer for decades.Consumption of potassium fertilizer increased by 10% annually from 1991 to 2006,reaching 6.6 million tons in 2006.Only about 25% of that was produced in China.Potassium fertilizer markets were dominated by different driving forces during China's different economic development stages.Before 1998,the market was restricted by centralized planning,and price and production were directly controlled by the government,so market prices for potassium fertilizer didn't directly reflect supply and demand,and resource allocation was inefficient.During 1998～2006, the potassium fertilizer market was affected by immature market mechanisms,and while market prices began to reflect supply and demand,resource allocation was not fully efficient,although it showed improvements.After 2006,market price has more efficiently reflected potassium fertilizer supply and demand as the market economy continues to mature,and suppliers become more rational and function according to market demand,improving the efficiency of resource allocation.Potassium fertilizer demand is expected to reach 11 million tons.This study suggests that a fully mature market economy helps to optimize potassium fertilizer supply and demand and resource allocation.Simulation results of our predictive model(after 2006) showed a positive correlation between potassium fertilizer production and price.In coming years,potassium fertilizer demand will continue to increase due to population growth and food supply requirements.Domestic and imported supplies will be optimized under a consumption-demand function and production function,and all participants will receive the maximum social welfare.The government should cultivate both the domestic and international markets to balance potassium fertilizer supply and demand.
Human decision-making does not conform to the independent decision-making hypothesis from classical decision-making theory. Thus, we introduce quantum decision-making theory into the Lotka–Volterra model (L–V model), to investigate player population dynamics while incorporating the initial strategy, game payoffs and interactive strategies in an open social system. Simulation results show that: (1) initial strategy, entanglement intensity of strategy interaction, and payoffs impact population dynamics; (2) In cooperative coexistence, game players mutually exceed the initial environmental capacity in an open system, but not in competitive coexistence; (3) In competitive coexistence, an initial strategy containing an entanglement intensity of strategies plays a vital role in game outcomes. Furthermore, our proposed model more realistically delineates the characteristics of population dynamics in competitive or cooperative coexistence scenarios.
This paper investigates carbon productivity (CP) from the perspectives of industrial development and urbanization to mitigate carbon emissions. We propose a hybrid model that includes a spatial lag model (SLM) and a fixed regional panel model using data from the 17 provinces in the central and western regions of China from 2000 to 2018. The results show that the slowly increasing CP has significant spatial spillover effects, with High–High (H–H) and Low–Low (L–L) spatial distributions in the central and western regions of China. In addition, industrial development and urbanization in the study area play different roles in CP, while economic urbanization and industrial fixed investment negatively affect CP, and population urbanization affects CP along a U-shape curve. Importantly, the results show that the patterns of industrial development and urbanization that influence CP are homogenous and mutually imitated in the 17 studied provinces. Furthermore, disparities in CP between regions are due to industrial workforce allocation (TL), but TL has been inefficient; industrial structure upgrades are slowly improving conditions. Therefore, the findings suggest that, in the short term, policymakers in China should implement industrial development policies that reduce carbon emissions in the western and central regions by focusing on improving industrial workforce allocation.
Consumers’ online impulsive buying behavior has become more and more frequent in the digital era. There is increasing concern regarding the adverse consequences that impulsive buying has generated for consumer wellbeing and the sustainability of our society and environment. In search of a way to decreasing impulsive consumption, this article proposes a comprehensive framework to explore the potential determinants of online impulsive buying behavior from the perspective of consumer characteristics grounded on the literature on sustainability, psychology and consumer behavior. Through an online survey, a total of 425 valid responses were obtained. Extroversion and neuroticism in personality, negative emotions, collectivism in culture and the cognitive and affective factors of impulsive buying tendency are found to be positively correlated with impulsive buying behavior, whereas self-control shows a negative impact on impulsive buying behavior. Furthermore, this study identifies the mediating roles that negative emotions and collectivism play. Specifically, in addition to the direct routes, neuroticism, self-control and the affective factor of impulsive buying tendency can indirectly influence impulsive buying behavior through the mediation of negative emotions, whereas extroversion can indirectly affect impulsive buying behavior with collectivism as the mediator. To conclude, theoretical and practical implications of this research are elaborated to promote sustainable consumption from both the micro and macro perspectives.
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