In order to explore preliminarily the potential risk of the complex pollutants containing polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)from biotic samples from E-waste treating areas,the complex pollutants containing PBDEs were extracted from Sanhuang chicken samples from an E-waste recycling region.Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to the extracts for 6d,and the cell proliferation and mRNA expression of pS2,an estrogen-target gene,were determined.Results showed that the extracts had no cytotoxic effects but suppressed significantly the cell proliferation and mRNA expression of pS2 in MCF-7 cells.The extracts exhibited anti-estrogenic activity.The results suggest that complex pollutants containing PBDEs from E-waste recycling regions have certain potential risk for animal and human health.
Sentinel animals can quickly react to environmental contaminants before the ecosystem or human health is obviously affected. Therefore, potential health risks of environmental contaminants can be early warned using sentinel animals. Furthermore, sentinel animals can provide much information on the kinds of contaminants, pollution level, bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and metabolism. The information from sentinel animals may be considered as early warning for effects of contaminants on human health due to structural and functional similarities between animals and humans, although the information cannot be directly extrapolated to human. The application of fish, frogs, and minks as sentinel animals for human health risk evaluation of environmental contaminants was reviewed in this paper, and their merits and disadvantages and applicable ranges were discussed, respectively. Finally, we suggested that ecotoxicological survey on sentinel animals in China should be developed to promote human health risk evaluation of environmental contaminants.
The concentration of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) in tissues and organs of silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from Guanting Reservoir were investigated to evaluate the pollution potential and distribution of OCPs. A total of 16 OCPs were measured and the concentrations were in the range of 1.61—69.01 ng/g wet weight(ww) for total OCPs, 0.16—0.75 ng/g ww for HCB, 0.75—26.80 ng/g ww for ΣHCH(sum of α-, β-, γ- and δ-HCH) and 0.68—35.94 ng/g ww for ΣDDT( sum of p, p′-DDE, p, p′-DDD, o, p′-DDT and p, p′-DDT). The mean concentrations of total OCPs, HCB, ΣHCH, and ΣDDT were 18.04, 0.96, 7.14 and 9.28 ng/g ww, respectively. Among the organochlorine pesticides, β-HCH and p, p′-DDE were the most dominant compounds in tissue and organ with the average concentrations of 4.42 and 8.14 ng/g, respectively. The results obtained in this study show that the levels of 16 OCP residues found in silver carps are low and pose no threat to human health and wildlife fed upon them on the basis of existing related quality guidelines. However, recent input of lindane and DDT might still exist in the area investigated and further investigation should be carried on.
Thirty-nine deep subsurface soils(150—180 cm depth) near the outskirts of Beijing were investagated. The concentrations including n-alkanes from C_ 13 to C_ 36, pristane and phytane were in the range of 0.60 to 170.10 μg/g, with a median value of 4.26. Carbon preference index values for n-alkanes ranged from 1.08 to 2.98, with a median value of 1.48. The percentage contribution of “wax n-alkanes was in the range of 6.03%—46.22%. A predominance of odd/even carbon n-alkanes and unresolved complex mixtures with different shapes and ranges were frequently observed. Factor analysis reduced the data set into three principal components and confirming contributions from low(19.58%), medium(20.49%) molecular weight species and long-chain n-alkanes(43.41%), respectively. Molecular biomarkers such as pristane, phytane, hopanes and steranes were detected. Based on the principal component analysis, the concentration profiles and molecular markers, it was found that the aliphatic hydrocarbons were from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources.
Abstract Capillary zone electrophoresis was applied to analyze chlorophenols in industrial waste waters, 17 chlorophenols could be all resolved from each other within 12 min using acetone as the organic modifier in 10 mmol/L phosphate electrolyte at pH 8.23. Effects of pH and organic modifiers on the separation selectivity were investigated. The results indicated that the elution order was related with the pKa order of analytes. Reproducibilities termed in R.S.D.% of migration times and peak areas of 17 chlorophenols were in the range 0.48–0.67% and 3.9–5.1%, respectively. When 2,3,4-trichlorophenol was used as the internal standard, R.S.D.% of migration times was reduced to 0.03–0.28%. Detection ranges of all chlorophenols were linear over two orders of magnitude of concentrations with correlation coefficients 0.998–1.000 except for 4-chlorophenol, the peak area of which could not be measured accurately because of the interference from electroosmotic flow (EOF). Limits of detection were 100–270 μg/L. With the method developed chlorophenolic pollutants in industrial waste waters could be analyzed by direct injection without any pretreatment.
Xenopus laevis is a good model to study endocrine disruptor, and the hepatocytes are widely used for assaying estrogenic activity and studying metabolism of endocrine disruptors.The present study aims to introduce a primary cultured protocol on hepatocytes of Xenopus laevis.A two-step in situ perfusion method was used.The collagenase was used to digest collagen in the liver tissue, and the centrifugation steps followed to free the dispersed cells from unwanted tissue material and the erythrocytes.The final cell preparation was seeded at a density of 105·mL-1, and about 2.5～5×106 cells were obtained totally.The cells could be well-maintained for 8 ～10 days by replacing the culture medium every 2 days.The primary cultured hepatocytes could be well subjected to lots of follow-up experiments.
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