Abiotic stresses reduce crop yield by about 50% worldwide. Analysis of plants under abiotic stresses can identify the hub genes, which can help to coordinate the plant's response to these stresses and help to detect signaling events to determine plant stress tolerance in the natural environment. The difference in the response of plants to stress is related to regulatory genes. Regulatory genes are genes whose products have a great effect, such as hormones, enzymes, TFs, etc. In the microbial technique, thousands of genes can be expressed simultaneously in the shortest possible time and the stressed plant can be compared to the control plant. In recent years, this technique has produced a large amount of gene expression data. Identifying genes that can 240have multiple responses to environmental stresses is very important for the resilience of crops to environmental distresses.
The outcomes of fertility treatments are unpredictable, and levels of depressive symptoms increase in patients during the waiting period of the result of intrauterine insemination (IUI) treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a positive reappraisal coping intervention (PRCI) and problem-solving skills training (PSS) on depression during the waiting period of the result of IUI Treatment.This randomized control clinical trial was done among 108 women undergoing IUI treatment. In the control group, the women received routine care. In the PRCI group, women attended two training sessions and were asked to complete coping thoughts cards and fill out daily monitoring forms during the waiting period. In the PSS group, PSS were taught over three sessions. The depression was measured by the beck depression inventory.On the 10thth day of the IUI waiting period, there were significant differences between the control group (21.42 ± 11.42) and the PSS group (12.52 ± 8.05) and PRCI groups (13.14 ± 9.7) (P<0.001), but no significant difference between the PRCI group and the PSS group.According to the results of this randomized control trial there is no difference between a PRCI and PSS on depression during the waiting period of the result of IUI treatment. This suggests that both interventions can be used to help infertile women combat depression during the waiting period of the result of fertility treatments (Registration number: IRCT2016020926490N1).
Background: between mother and her neonatal reflects the quality of maternal emotional feelings and behaviors toward her baby. This attachment emerges in behaviors, which indicate the mother’s attention and care. Self-compassion is the extension of compassion to oneself in instances of perceived inadequacy, failure, or general suffering. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between maternal-neonatal attachment and self-compassion in postnatal period.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 335 primiparous women, referring to health care centers in Mashhad city in 2014. The study population was selected using the cluster and convenience sampling methods. The research tools were maternal/neonatal demographic form, self-compassion scale, and neonatal-maternal attachment questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression model in SPSS software (version 22).Results: The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient test showed a positive correlation between the total score of maternal-neonatal attachment and self-compassion in postpartum period (r=0.22, P=0.012). Accordingly, as the score of self-compassion increased, the maternal-neonatal attachment score also enhanced.Conclusion: As the findings indicated, there was a correlation between self-compassion and maternal-neonatal attachment in postnatal period. Therefore, the provision of caregivers with education regarding psychological problems by community health midwives during postnatal period can be effective in the early diagnosis and identification of such disorders
Introduction: Postpartum depression is a mental disorder after childbirth with high prevalence and unpleasant complications. Thus diagnosis and its treatment are considered important. Relaxation techniques training is simple method of treatment used by primary care providers, including midwives. The purpose of this study is the effect of relaxation training on severity of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period. Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 54 women in Mashhad community health centers in 2010. In third week after delivery, women with Edinburgh Depression Scale score ≥10 complete Beck Depression Inventory (score 14-28) and final diagnosis of depression was done by psychologist interview. Then the women were divided randomly into two groups of relaxation with guided imagery (n=26) and control (n=28). Relaxation and guided imagery were performed respectively once daily and once weekly during 6 weeks. Beck Depression Inventory was completed again in the ninth week after delivery. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and ANOVA test and SPSS software version 14 and p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean of severity of depressive symptoms after intervention was 7.7±4.6 in relaxation group and 15.3±6.4 in control group that the difference was significant (p<0.000). Also severity of depression symptoms decreased in relaxation group and control group (58.1 and 23.5, respectively). Conclusion: The relaxation training is an effective method in reduction severity of depressive symptoms in postpartum period.
مقدمه: ارزیابی پیشرفت زایمان، یکی از مراقبتهای اولیه و کلیدی حین زایمان است. روشی که برای ارزیابی پیشرفت زایمان مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد، باید دارای کمترین آسیب وارده به مادر و جنین باشد. مطالعه مروری حاضر با هدف بررسی روشهای ارزیابی پیشرفت زایمان انجام شد.
روشکار: در این مطالعه مروری، مقالات فارسی و انگلیسی نمایه شده در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی معتبر شامل: SID، Iranmedx، Irandoc، PubMed، Magiran و Google scholar با استفاده از کلید واژههای فارسی: پیشرفت زایمان، اتساع دهانه رحم، معاینه مهبلی، خط بنفش و کلید واژههای انگلیسی progress of labour، purple line، Cervical Dilatation و vaginal examinations در طی سالهای 97-1378 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و مقالات دارای معیار ورود، وارد مطالعه شده و مورد آنالیز کیفی قرار گرفتند.
یافتهها: در مطالعه حاضر، 43 مقاله استخراج شده از 385 مطالعه در ارتباط با روشهای ارزیابی پیشرفت زایمان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از مطالعات انجام شده در ارتباط با روشهای ارزیابی پیشرفت زایمان در سه دسته کلی: تعیین اتساع دهانه رحم بهوسیله معاینه مهبلی، روشهای متشکل از چند شاخص شامل تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و رفتاری مادر، و تغییر رنگ پوست ناحیه بین باسنها (خط بنفش) تقسیم شده بود.
نتیجهگیری: معاینه مهبلی، تنها روش برای ارزیابی پیشرفت زایمان نیست. عاملین زایمان میتوانند از مجموعهای از علائم و نشانهها شامل مشاهده خط بنفش و اندازهگیری آن، بررسی تغییرات تعداد تنفس، رفتارها، صداها، حرکات و وضعیت مادر در حین انقباضات بهمنظور کاهش تعداد معاینات مهبلی و در نتیجه بهبود وضعیت سلامت مادر و جنین در بالین بهرهمند شوند.
Striae are a common change during pregnancy, leaving striae in various body parts after delivery, which most women find unpleasant. They create a big aesthetic concern for most women. Although striae do not endanger the mother and the fetus, they may cause a desire to scratch the region leading to small wounds, induce stress over beauty, decrease self-confidence, and create psychological disorders. They may try various treatments and often refer to dermatology clinics and receive long-term treatments; these time-consuming and costly behaviors and may affect their quality of life.The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life in Iranian postpartum women with and without striae gravidarum.This cross-sectional study was conducted on 145 women who had referred to health centers of Mashhad to receive post-delivery health care six weeks after delivery during year 2013. Multi-stage sampling was applied to select the participants. The tools used were demographic, SF-36 quality of life, Skindex29, Atwal and Fitzpatrick classification questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS V.11.5 software.The subjects' mean age was 26.3 ± 5.7. Mann-Whitney test showed there was a significant difference between mean of Skindex29 and its dimensions (P < 0.001), general life quality (P < 0.001) in women with and without striae. Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference between mean general quality of life dimension, except physical function in women with and without striae (P > 0.05).The results showed that striae lead to reduced quality of general life and reduced skin quality index in women postpartum.
Article type: Original article Background & aim: Self-confidence, as one of the key elements of clinical competence, plays an important role in one’s actions and behaviours. Selection of proper instructional methods influences students’ self-confidence. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of web-based training and educational simulation on midwifery students’ self-confidence in postpartum hemorrhage management. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 44 midwifery students of Mashhad School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad, Iran, in 2013. The subjects were selected via convenience sampling. The web-based group was trained at the clinical skill laboratory of School of Nursing and Midwifery; both groups were taught the same educational content. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, visual analogue scale to evaluate students' self-assessment of their ability to manage postpartum hemorrhage and C-scale to measure students' self-confidence Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, paired t-test, and two-way ANOVA were performed, using SPSS version 11.5. Results: Both groups showed a significant increase in self-confidence in postpartum hemorrhage management one month after the training (P=0.003 and P=0.030 in webbased and simulation groups, respectively). No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of self-confidence in postpartum hemorrhage management. Conclusion: Since the two groups showed no significance difference in self-confidence, web-based education, which is a more accessible method, could be applied as an alternative to the conventional method of simulation. Article History: Received: 8-Apr-2014 Accepted: 10-Jun-2014
Background: Currently, vaginal examination is the gold standard for assessment of labor progress.The World Health Organization emphasizes that the number of vaginal examinations should be limited where it is necessary.Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of purple line in the prediction of labor progress.Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 350 women with a single pregnancy in vertex presentation and gestational age of 38-42 weeks without any medical disorder, admitted to government hospitals of Mashhad, were selected using convenience sampling.Vaginal examination and observation of the line each hour in the active phase of labor were measured.Abnormal progress of labor was defined as cervical dilatation less than 1 centimeter/hour in the active phase for two consecutive hours and fetal head descend less than 1cm/h or duration of more than two hours for nulliparous and one hour for multiparous In the second stage of labor.Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16 using chi -square test. Results:The purple line appeared in 75.3% of women during the active phase of labor.Appearance of the purple line in the prediction of labor progress had 90.2% sensitivity, 45.3% specificity, 88.1% positive predictive value, 51.0% negative predictive value in the first stage of labor and had 87.6% sensitivity, 52.4% specificity, 96.5% positive predictive value, 22.0% negative predictive value in the second stage of labor and has 68.57% sensitivity, 42.66% specificity, 85.32% positive predictive value, and 43.85% negative predictive value for the total labor.Conclusions: According to the appearance of the purple line in most of the cases and its high sensitivity and specificity, we can use it as a non-invasive complementary method for clinical assessment of labor progress.
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