Pascal Prunet

Noveltis (France)

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C. Camy‐Peyret

Sorbonne Université

Olivier Lezeaux

Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace

Cathy Clerbaux

Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace

Anne Boynard

Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux, observations spatiales

A. Klonecki

Noveltis (France)

Lieven Clarisse

Université Libre de Bruxelles

Pierre‐François Coheur

Université Libre de Bruxelles

Sébastien Payan

Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux, observations spatiales

Dominique Jolivet

Laboratoires Prod'Hyg (France)

Patrice Henry

Centre National d'Études Spatiales

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace

Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines

Sorbonne Université

Université Paris Cité

Université Paris-Saclay

Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement

Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux, observations spatiales

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives

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The CO2 Human Emissions (CHE) Project: First Steps Towards a European Operational Capacity to Monitor Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions

Frontiers in Remote Sensing (2021)

Gianpaolo Balsamo Richard Engelen Daniel Thiemert Anna Agustí‐Panareda Nicolas Bousserez

The Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a binding international treaty signed by 196 nations to limit their greenhouse gas emissions through ever-reducing Nationally Determined Contributions and a system of 5-yearly Global Stocktakes in an Enhanced Transparency Framework. To support this process, the European Commission initiated the design and development of a new Copernicus service element that will use Earth observations mainly to monitor anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. The CO 2 Human Emissions (CHE) project has been successfully coordinating efforts of its 22 consortium partners, to advance the development of a European CO 2 monitoring and verification support (CO2MVS) capacity for anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. Several project achievements are presented and discussed here as examples. The CHE project has developed an enhanced capability to produce global, regional and local CO 2 simulations, with a focus on the representation of anthropogenic sources. The project has achieved advances towards a CO 2 global inversion capability at high resolution to connect atmospheric concentrations to surface emissions. CHE has also demonstrated the use of Earth observations (satellite and ground-based) as well as proxy data for human activity to constrain uncertainties and to enhance the timeliness of CO 2 monitoring. High-resolution global simulations (at 9 km) covering the whole of 2015 (labelled CHE nature runs) fed regional and local simulations over Europe (at 5 km and 1 km resolution) and supported the generation of synthetic satellite observations simulating the contribution of a future dedicated Copernicus CO 2 Monitoring Mission (CO2M).

European commission

10.3389/frsen.2021.707247

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Expected accuracy of the CO2 retrieval from IASI

Laure Chaumat Pascal Prunet Bernard Tournier F. Cayla

The expected accuracy of CO2 retrieval from IASI data is assessed. A particular signal processing is developed to efficiently exploit the CO2 information of the IASI spectrum, through a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) filtering. the DFT filtering allows to process the entire IASI CO2 information in about 50 data elements. An information content analysis indicates that, providing a climatological prior knowledge on the CO2 concentration variability and the meteorological forecast of temperature and water vapour profiles, the mean tropospheric CO2 concentration can be derived from a single IASI spectrum with an accuracy of about 2 parts per million by volume (ppmv), i.e., better than 1 %. the DFT filtering allows to process the entire IASI CO2 information in about 50 data elements. IASI; Remote-sensing; Atmosphere; Tropospheric CO2;

10.1109/igarss.2003.1294159

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L’&cclesia Cité Patrimoine. Site archéologique Saint-Martin, Luxeuil-les-Bains

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2021)

Sébastien Bully Aurélia Bully Michel Malcotti Pascal Prunet Verrier Eric

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Mission Concept and Performance Assessment for monitoring Point Sources Emissions of CO2 and CH4 from Space

ESASP (2016)

Pascal Prunet C. Camy‐Peyret A. Klonecki Richard E. Ernst V Tesmer

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Processing of the future IRS-MTG NH3 and temperature products

Nadir Guendouz Camille Viatte Anne Boynard Sarah Safieddine Solène Turquéty

Ammonia (NH3) is an atmospheric pollutant mainly emitted by the agricultural sector. It is a precursor of fine particles (PM2.5) and therefore has a major effect on public health, and climate change. The volatilization process of NH3 and its lifetime in the atmosphere, as well as its transformation into particles, are poorly constrained and strongly depend on meteorological parameters, in particular temperature.Although current satellite measurements have evaluated NH3 spatio-temporal variabilities at various scales (global, regional, and local), observations of NH3 diurnal variability and their diurnal variability and dependence to temperature are poorly constrained. This strongly influences our ability to correctly simulate NH3 emissions and associated particulate pollution events in atmospheric models.The IRS (InfraRed Sounder) instrument which will be launched on the MTG (Meteosat Third Generation) satellite into geostationary orbit in late 2024, will offer the ability to deepen this analysis with more frequent measurements (every 30-45 minutes over Europe and Africa) and better spatially resolved observations (4 km x 4 km at the Equator).In this presentation, we show the potential of the new geostationary IRS-MTG mission to assess spatio-temporal variabilities of ammonia and temperature focusing on a case study over the high NH3 emitted region of Brittany (France). Using atmospheric states simulated using the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model at the effective spatial resolution of IRS over Brittany, synthetic spectra are computed using the 4A/OP radiative transfer model. NH3 measurement-sensitivity of the future IRS-MTG mission is discussed with regards to the presently available IASI observations.

Diurnal cycle

10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6227

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Uncertainties in the simulation of XCO2 plumes from power plant emissions: A comparison between 6 high-resolution atmospheric transport models

Dominik Brunner Stephan Henne Gerrit Kuhlmann Jean‐Matthieu Haussaire A. Klonecki

Power plants are a major source of CO2 globally. Although their emissions are routinely monitored in many countries especially in the developed world, these numbers are often not publicly available and a complete global record is still far from reality. An important goal of Europe's planned Copernicus CO2 satellite mission CO2M is therefore to provide an independent quantification of power plant emissions worldwide. Emissions may be estimated from satellite XCO2 observations by simulating the plumes with an atmospheric transport model and finding those emissions that minimize a cost function of the differences between simulation and observations. Here we present a comparison of CO2 plume simulations from six high-resolution models, three Large Eddy Simulation models, two mesoscale Eulerian models, and one Lagrangian particle dispersion model. Simulations were conducted for two large coal-fired power plants, Belchatow in Poland and Janschwalde in Germany, which were extensively observed with aircraft in situ and remote sensing measurements during the CoMet campaign in May-June 2018. The observations provide a unique opportunity to study the capability of the models to simulate such plumes in a realistic manner and to design optimal modelling and emission quantification strategies. The Belchatow plume was sampled under highly convective and turbulent conditions whereas the Janschwalde plume was observed in a more stable weather situation. The models are able to reproduce these differences by simulating a highly structured turbulent plume for Belchatow and a more Gaussian-shaped plume for Janschwalde. However, the models differ in many details including the horizontal and vertical spread of the plumes, suggesting that in addition to resolution the specific choices of turbulence and advection scheme have a significant impact on the results. Our findings suggest that estimating emissions from individual images is particularly challenging for turbulent plumes. Since turbulence intensity evolves with the build-up of the convective boundary layer, a satellite overpass well before noon would likely be an advantage.

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Applications of IASI on MetOp-A: first results and illustration of potential use for meteorology, climate monitoring, and atmospheric chemistry

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (2007)

Thierry Phulpin Denis Blumstein Florent Prel Bernard Tournier Pascal Prunet

IASI was successfully launched on MetOP A on 19 October 2006. After the in-orbit commissioning, the performances of IASI were evaluated during the Cal/Val of level 1. Key parameters of instrument and on ground processing have been fixed for optimal performance and best quality data delivery. The first spectra and images of level 1 products show all the potential of IASI data for expected applications. Some illustrations are given here with maps of pseudo channels sensitive to trace gases, atmospheric profiles or maps of surface temperature qualitatively compared to maps from models. Level 2 processing to get these parameters has been implemented at Eumetsat and some products are currently under validation. The quality of IASI data paves the way to additional very promising products. A thorough analysis of cloud free spectra has been performed to extract the small signature of minor species like CFCs and HNO₃. Nevertheless, the main limitation of IASI data remains clouds. It is showed here with the cluster analysis of AVHRR data registered in the IASI pixels and delivered as level 1 products that only a few cloud free pixels can used for full retrieval. A method making use of the cluster information has been developed. It permits to strongly increase the statistics where clear column profiles or columns above clouds can be retrieved. This scheme will be applied to the retrieval of the CO₂ where large data set are needed to extract information from the spectra.

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Trace gas

10.1117/12.736816

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Detection of extreme events from IASI observations

Adrien Vu Van Anne Boynard Pascal Prunet Dominique Jolivet Olivier Lezeaux

The 3 IASI instruments on-board the Metop satellites have been sounding the atmospheric composition since 2006. Up to ~30 atmospheric gases can be measured from IASI spectra, allowing the improvement of weather forecasting, and the analysis and monitoring of atmospheric chemistry and climate variables.The early detection of extreme events such as fires, pollution episodes, volcanic eruptions, industrial accidents, is key to take appropriate decisions regarding safety to protect inhabitants and the environment in the target areas. With IASI providing global observations twice a day in near real time, a new way for the systematic and continuous detection of exceptional atmospheric events to support operational decisions is possible.In this work, we explore and improve a method for the detection and characterization of extreme events using the recorded spectra, which relies on the principal component analysis (PCA) method. We assess this PCA-based system by analysing IASI raw and reconstructed spectra along with their differences (residuals) for various past and documented extreme events. The benefits and limitations of this approach are discussed with comparison with available CO and SO2 IASI products. A methodological innovation, based on the refined analysis of extreme residuals (outliers) for the detection of fires, volcanic eruptions and pollution event is proposed, and could be used for the automatic and systematic detection of unexpected events.

10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8473

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Atmospheric CO₂ retrievals from GOSAT TANSO-FTS data and status on related French activities

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2013)

C. Camy‐Peyret Jérôme Bureau Sébastien Payan Olivier Lezeaux Julien Chimot

We have set up a processing chain for the retrieval of the column averaged CO2 mixing ratio from TANSO-FTS data. This chain is including i) the download, selection, formatting and prescreening of NIES/JAXA HDF files, ii) a spectral calibration before the inversion step, iii) retrievals from O2 and CO2 spectral information (in bands B1 and B2, respectively) using the 4A-SWIR Radiative Transfer Model and the Optimal Estimation Method and iv) the post-screening of derived CO2 products. A selection of about 10 000 spectra covering 16 months from April 2009 to August 2010 was selected in coincidence with 6 stations of the TCCON network and over the Solar-Village station in Saudi Arabia. Comparison is done against TCCON measurements and L2 products of NIES, Leicester University and Netherlands Institute for Space Research. This validation results are encouraging, showing a good consistency between the various CO2 column estimates. Additional ongoing work within our RA project will be briefly discussed. The link with the French thematic data center Ether will be presented.

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GEM:A Mission Concept for Monitoring Point Sources Emissions of CO2 and CH4 from Space

ESASP (2016)

Pascal Prunet E. Jeansou C. Camy‐Peyret Richard E. Ernst V Tesmer

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