Abstract The ecological benefits provided by ecological assets play an important role in im-proving human well-being, but there are few feasible methods to describe their status and trends by combining the quantity and quality data of ecological assets. This study is based on LUCC and integrates data on the quantity and quality of ecological assets. Based on the ecological asset index (EQ and EQi), the ecological assets of the Shibing karst and the Libo-Huanjiang Karst heritage sites are quantitatively evaluated, and their influencing factors are qualitatively analyzed. The results show that, (1) The ecological assets of the Shibing Karst and the Libo-Huanjiang Karst are mainly forest ecological assets, accounting for 89.31% and 89.98% of the ecological assets of the heritage sites, respectively. The proportion of ecological assets in cropland, shrubs, grasslands, water bodies, and impermeable surfaces is small. (2) The ecological asset quality of the two heritage sites is similar, with a two-level differentiation state. The ecological asset quality of forests and shrubs is mainly excellent, good, and moderate, while the ecological asset quality of cropland and grassland is mainly inferior and poor. From the overall quality perspective, the ecological asset quality of both heritage sites has significantly improved. (3) From 2000 to 2021, the EQ of the Shibing Karst increased from 180.179 to 225.606. The EQ of the Libo-Huanjiang Karst has increased from 560.463 to 641.269. Among the EQi of the two sites, forest > cropland > shrubs > grassland in the Shibing Karst, and forest > shrubs > cropland > grassland in the Libo-Huanjiang Karst. The implementation of a series of eco-logical protection projects and heritage site protection and management plans is the main reason for the improvement of regional ecological assets. Overall, this method can quickly and accurately assess the status and trends of ecological assets, guide ecosystem management within heritage sites, and provide effective solutions for ecological asset assessment in other karst world heritage sites.
Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) is a woody wine plant with a peculiar fruit enriched in important health-promoting compounds. The non-editable part of the fruit, i.e., the seed and peel, represents more than 60% of the fruit and is considered a biowaste. This significantly restricts the development of the K. coccinea fruit industry. Clarifying the metabolic components of the different fruit parts can help to improve the utilization rate and valorization of K. coccinea. Herein, we evaluated K. coccinea fruit peel, pulp, and seed using widely-targeted metabolomics and quantified a set of 736 bioactive compounds from 11 major metabolite classes. The most prominent metabolite classes included lipids, amino acids, flavonoids, and lignans. Furthermore, our results emphasized a significant accumulation of flavonoids in pulp tissues, while alkaloids and lignans were abundant in peel and seed tissues, respectively. A total of 183 metabolites were differentially accumulated among the three tissues. Procyanidin C2, rutinoside, 2-hydroxyoleanolic acid, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, nootkatol, isoquercitrin, isohyperoside, quercetin-7-O-glucoside, hyperin, and rutin showed elevated accumulation in the peel. In the seed, kadsuralignan G, kadcoccilactone A, kadsuralignan H, lysoPE 20:5, iso-schisandrin ethyl alcohol, and kadangustin were significantly enriched. Our results highlight the diverse metabolome composition of K. coccinea fruit parts, which can be further exploited for its valorization in various industries.
This paper reviewed the research on water and soil loss in China karst area during the period 1963-2010.Firstly,time distribution,content,study areas of all published papers were analyzed.The period of research was divided into three stages:germination stage(1960 s and 1970 s),slow development stage(1980 s and 1990 s) and fast development stage(2000-2010).And then,according to the research framework,this paper summarized the domestic research on karst area water and soil loss in four aspects,namely basic theory,application of technology,control measures,assessment based on monitoring.Their main progress and problems were indicated too.Finally,several key issues which should be solved in next research were pointed out as a important development trend in future.Multi-disciplinary comprehensive research will exist,and more studies should be conducted on a large spatial and temporal scale.
In the karst areas of Guizhou province,utilizing the data of Guizhou land-use and rocky desertification RS investigation,and GIS spatial analysis,24 686.74 km2 grasslands(67.57% of the whole provincial grasslands) were selected in the karst areas of Guizhou province.Of these areas,39.77% was rocky and desertified.In last 20 years,through introduction of forage grass,domestic animal species and advanced techniques and accompanied by experimention and advocacy,we have collected a full range of experiences on modification of domestic animal species,planting and cultivation of pasture,stocking modification,rotations,and intercropping.There are various grassland resources in the karst area of Guizhou province with a good future for pasture and stock,but traditional extensive management is in domestic areas with fewer supporting facilities,and less scientific support so that the ability to face disaster,particularly serious atmosphere change is weak.The soil here is weak,with grassland degeneration.An active demand for technology such as good methods of grassland planting and cultivation,local species cultivation,animal husbandry industry technology and scientific support systems,and management maintainance for restoration of grassland ecological systems are necessary.
Exploring the dynamics of soil erosion and identifying its driving mechanisms is key to understanding soil erosion processes, particularly in karst areas. In this study, the RUSLE model, optimized on the basis of rocky desertification factors, was used to estimate soil erosion in a karst plateau gorge area in SW China. The spatial and temporal dynamics of soil erosion in the region over the past 20 years were analyzed on the basis of slope units, while the relationship between soil erosion and elevation, slope, fractional vegetation cover (FVC), karst rocky desertification (KRD), rainfall, and land use cover/change (LUCC) was identified quantitatively by the geographical detector on the basis of spatial heterogeneity. The results showed that: (1) The no erosion area decreased from 2000 to 2020, with the highest proportion of light to medium erosion and an increasing trend of soil erosion. (2) Soil erosion conversion mainly occurred between no erosion, slight erosion, and light erosion. (3) The hotspots of erosion occurred in high slope–low elevation and high slope–high elevation units, while the coldspots of erosion occurred in low slope–low elevation units. (4) Soil erosion was positively correlated with FVC and slope, and negatively correlated with KRD. (5) The dominant factor of soil erosion changed from KRD-slope to LUCC-slope and finally to elevation-slope, while the q value of rainfall-elevation had the most significant increase throughout the study period. This study will help to advance the goal of sustainable development of soil and water conservation in karst areas.
In recent years, after the implementation of large-scale ecological restoration projects, karst areas in the South China Karst have become global “greening” hot spots. However, the biodiversity, ecosystem quality, and security patterns in karst areas are still severely affected. The reason for this is that despite the execution of karst desertification control projects, the lag mechanism of forest ecosystem functions and services is still unclear. Therefore, we analyze the progress in the research related to desertification control and the improvement of regional forest ecosystem function through a systematic literature review approach. The results show that the major landmarks achieved so far include the following aspects: based on the karst desertification control area, we have elucidated the driving factors of forest ecosystem change, discovered the ecological security pattern of landscape optimization and reconstruction, revealed the internal mechanism of forest system structure optimization and stability enhancement, overcome the technical constraints of forest water–fertilizer coupling, introduced a strategy for regulating functional traits to improve the growth and development of vegetation, proposed strategies to enhance carbon sequestration in forests and the efficiency of microbial carbon use, and created models and paths to realize the value of forest products. The key scientific issues to be addressed in the future mainly comprise the following: the effects of spatial heterogeneity on forest ecosystems, disturbances in landscape reconfiguration caused by human activities, the work mechanisms of the combination and configuration of the niche in structural optimization, the response of species configuration to the water cycle, the coupled relationship between biodiversity and soil properties, the screening and construction of the plant germplasm resource base, the functional trade-offs/synergistic mechanisms of karst forest ecosystems, the creation of policies for forest product in terms of rights, trading, and compensation, and systematic research on the extended industrial chain of forest ecosystems, its service potential, and so on.
The restoration of the ecological environment in rocky desertification areas and economic development go hand in hand. With the support of the national policies from the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” to the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”, the related ecological industries and products derived from the control of rocky desertification in karst areas continue to emerge. It not only restrains and repairs the development of rocky desertification but also produces a higher regional economic value than the replaced industry, which has practical significance for targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in rocky desertification areas. The thesis classifies and summarizes the development status of ecological products from the perspectives of the basic theory of ecological products, industrial model construction, industrial demonstration, quality monitoring and evaluation, product sales space, product value realization and improvement research and proposes some scientific problems to be solved. The dual attributes of ecology and economy of ecological products are integrated, and a sustainable industrial model and industrial value-added enlightenment for consolidating the achievements of rocky desertification control is proposed.
Abstract The results show that: (1) the contribution rate of the four ecological indicators on the first principal component (PC1) is more than 90%. The construction of RSEI based on PC1 is applicable in Karst World Nature Heritage Sites (WNHS) and can be used to monitor and evaluate the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of ecological environment. (2) The mean values of RSEI of Libo-Huanjiang heritage site during 2000, 2007, 2013 and 2020 were 0.5435, 0.5465, 0.6009 and 0.5101, The overall ecological quality is mainly moderate and good, but in the eastern part of the heritage site the ecological quality is poor. (3) The evolution of ecological environment quality during the 20 years is mainly divided into the development trend of rapidly getting better, slowly getting better, and maintaining stability. (4) In the analysis of the relationship between RSEI and altitude, it is found that the ecological environment quality is mainly inferior, less favourable and moderate in areas with altitudes below 600m, and there is a positive relationship between ecological quality level and altitude. (5) By analyzing the ,apparent spatial aggregation between ecological environment quality, and then simulating the ecological grades in 2027 and 2033 using CA-Markov model, it is predicted that the area of medium and excellent ecological grades will increase in the future, but the ecological environment quality still needs to be improved in the eastern region due to the development of tourism industry. Overall, the remote sensing ecological index is an effective model for evaluating and monitoring the ecological environment quality of karst heritage sites; the ecological environment quality of Libo-Huanjiang heritage site is in a steady state of improvement, and the conservation measures of relevant departments are beginning to bear fruit; further coordination between conservation and development is needed to promote the sustainable development of heritage sites and to provide effective solutions for monitoring other karst-like heritage sites.
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