홍차의 핵심 성분의 분석을 통해 국가 및 지역에 따라 제조된 제품의 성분적 품질을 평가하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 중국 4개, 인도 6개, 일본 3개, 한국 8개 및 스리랑카 7개를 포함한 총 29개 제품이 이용되었다. 총아미노산, 총폴리페놀 및 데아루비긴의 함량은 비색계를, 그리고 카테킨과 데아플라빈은 고속크로마토그래피를 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과...
This study was conducted to determine the timing of flower harvest for pollen collection and preparation in kiwifruit. Here the pollen development of two staminate cultivars, ‘Bohwa’ and ‘Chieftain’, which are the major pollinizers used in the region of Jeju in Korea, was investigated. These two staminate cultivars showed a similar tendency in histological pollen development, except for the time of anther dehiscence. The highest pollen quantity was obtained at the 4th developmental stage; thereafter, the quantity of pollen decreased by 23% and 38% at the 5th developmental stage in ‘Bohwa’ and ‘Chieftain’, respectively. The pollen viability of ‘Bohwa’ was slightly higher than that of ‘Chieftain’ in both 1% iodine potassium iodide and fluorescein diacetate staining with a small increase according to progression in flower development from the 1st to the 5th stage. Pollen germination also increased as flower development advanced, and higher pollen germination of more than 60% occurred in the 4th developmental stage of both staminate cultivars. The results indicate that the appropriate timing for pollen collection might be the 4th developmental stage (full balloon stage) in ‘Bohwa’ and ‘Chieftain’ according to the amount of pollen production, viability, and germination.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the number of spray applications of a plant extract (Benefits®PZ) on the growth and quality of kiwifruit. Single, double, and triple spray applications from two weeks to four weeks after anthesis were compared with a control to test 'Sweet Gold' and 'Jecy Gold' which are major varieties with yellow-flesh grown on Jeju Island. In both cultivars, as the number of spray applications was increased, the fruit size increased, as did the fruit length, diameter, and fruit weight, with deterioration of fruit quality parameters such as the dry matter and flesh color not observed. The increased fruit size was associated mainly with the enlargement of the fruit core and outer pericarp tissues, which in turn was associated with increases in both the cell number and size of fruit core tissue, but also with increases in the number of small cells and the sizes of the large cells from the outer pericarp tissue. There was little effect of the plant growth regulator spray treatments on the fruit quality during room temperature storage, and yellow-flesh coloration tended to be even higher in the treated than in the untreated case. The starch contents were not affected by plant growth regulator spraying at 150 days after full bloom (DAF), at which starch accumulation was maximized, in both cultivars. However, As the treatment period prolonged, differences began to emerge and continued to widen over time. The content of soluble sugars began to increase rapidly at 120 days DAF and showed differences between treatments around 170–180 DAF, but the tendency of those responses was not distinct depending on cultivars. Consequently, the findings here indicated that the plant extract (Benefits®PZ) spray contributed to an increase in the fruit size and affected the cell number and size, with no detrimental side-effects on the fruit quality. The response of starch and soluble sugars content to spraying differed between the two cultivars, and no distinct tendency was observed.
This study investigated pollen application methods for artificial pollination in tetraploid kiwifruit cultivars ‘Halla Gold’ and ‘Sweet Gold’ grown in a nonheated plastic-film house in Jeju, Korea. Pollen of the hexaploid cultivar ‘Bohwa’ (A. chinensis var. deliciosa) bred in Korea was used for artificial pollination. We examined the effect of repeated pollination, pretreatment of stigma with wetting materials, application of dry pollen or pollen in suspension on fruit quality, and seed formation. With repeated pollination, pollen tubes in the pistil reached and penetrated the ovule three days after artificial pollination, although the pattern varied depending on the number of dry pollen applications. In both cultivars, the number of pollen tubes was clearly higher following repeated pollination than following single pollination, and fruit weight, dry matter (DM), number of seeds, and 100-seed weight were also higher. When pistillate flowers were pollinated with dry pollen immediately after water sprinkle, both cultivars showed the lowest fruit weight, DM, firmness, number of seeds, and 100-seed weight, whereas there were no significant differences in fruit quality or seed formation for dry pollen application 1 h after water sprinkle, or immediately or 1 h after suspension medium sprinkle. For pollination using a pollen suspension, the fruit weight was lower in both cultivars. There were no significant differences in fruit quality and seed formation following application of dry pollen or a pollen suspension, except for fruit weight in ‘Sweet Gold’. It could be seen from the results of this study that raindrops or dewdrops on the stigma might reduce the efficiency of artificial pollination using dry pollen. Still, the application of repeated pollination enhanced the efficiency of artificial pollination.
The study was conducted to determine the efficiency in producing spontaneous polyploids in some mandarin hybrids with different seed embryony. Seed formation by open pollination, frequency of spontaneous polyploids, and plant growth characteristics were evaluated in four mandarin hybrids with polyembryony such as 'Amakusa', 'Haruka', 'Hayaka', and 'Seminole' and two with monoembryony such as 'Benibae' and 'Harehime'. The mean number of the developed seeds per fruit was 10.0 and frequency of small seeds was 25.1%. Polyploids were selected from plants germinated in vitro by a flow cytometry and confirmed by chromosome analysis. One triploid was produced from 'Harehime', one tetraploid, 'Amakusa', and one tetrapoid, 'Benibae'. There were little differences in leaf shape, thickness, petiole length, and internode length between diploids and polyploids such as tri- or tetraploid. However, polyploids had larger stomata and lower density of stomata in abaxial epidermis than diploids. SPAS indicating chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were significantly affected by ploidy level. The results indicated that spontaneous polyploids might be produced by open pollination in some mandarin hybrids and monoembryony had higher frequency in polyploid occurrence than polyembryony.