Beatrice Ngozi John-Onwe

Ebonyi State University

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Francis Amadi Ibiam

Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike

Ikemesit Udeme Peter

Ebonyi State University

Iroha Ifeanyichukwu

Ebonyi State University

Chidinma Stacy Iroha

Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki

Ifeanyichukwu Romanus Iroha

Ebonyi State University

Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses

Ebonyi State University

E. E. Adimora

J. O. Nwigwe

Christiana Inuaesiet Edemekong

Ebonyi State University

I. O. Okolo

Cooperative Institutions

Ebonyi State University

Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki

Nnamdi Azikiwe University

University of Nigeria

Federal Medical Centre

Enugu State University of Science and Technology

Universidade Federal de São Paulo

Northwest A&F University

Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike

National Biotechnology Development Agency

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Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant, Extensively Drug Resistant and Pandrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates among In-Patients and Out-Patients in a Multi-Profile Health Care Settings

Journal of Advances in Microbiology (2023)

Beatrice Ngozi John-Onwe Ugonna Cassandra Aniokete Francis Amadi Ibiam Ikemesit Udeme Peter Chidinma Stacy Iroha

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most life-threatening pathogens, especially in healthcare settings, and a main contributor to multi-drug resistance (MDR), extensive-drug resistance (XDR), and pan-drug resistant (PDR) phenotypes. However, there is limited data on the degree of resistance of these isolates in this region. This study seeks to determine the distribution of MDR, XDR, and PDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from different patient groups. A total of five hundred (500) non-duplicated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of human clinical samples were collected from the Microbiology Laboratory Unit of Alex Ekwueme Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. The isolates were identified and re-characterized by standard microbiology techniques. MDR, XDR, and PDR were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, and the results were analyzed using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) zone diameter breakpoints. The result shows that the overall resistant phenotype was MDR 50. 7%, XDR 20.5%, and PDR 9.6% while in samples from in-patients and out-patients, resistant phenotype proportions were MDR 43.2%, XDR 32.4%, PDR 10.1% and MDR 61.2%, XDR 29.7%, and PDR 18.5% respectively. Worrisomely, only a few tested antimicrobial agents (Amikacin, cefepime) were active against the test organism, presenting a limited therapeutic option. It is therefore imperative to establish strong regulative measures and guidelines that would help in curtailing the increasing dissemination of these superbugs in healthcare institutions in Nigeria.

Amikacin

Cefepime

10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10761

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Co-expression of Extensively drug resistant (XDR) clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa harboring FOX and MOX ampicillinase Gene

International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research (2023)

Beatrice Ngozi John-Onwe Francis Amadi Ibiam Evangeline Chinyere Udenweze Chidinma Stacy Iroha Christiana Inuaesiet Edemekong

This study determines the Co-expression of clinical isolates of XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa harboring FOX and MOX ampicillinase Gene. A total of five (500) hundred “Clean catch” midstream urine and wound samples collected from patients at a tertiary healthcare institution in Ebonyi State Nigeria were analyzed using standard microbiological techniques. Determination of XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Molecular characterization of FOX and MOX ampicillinase resistant genes were done by PCR using specific primers. In total, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 22.6 %. XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 17. 8 % and 25.3 % in Wound and urine samples respectively. All the XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa harbored FOX and MOX ampicillinase resistant Gene. The high frequency of XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa in our study is very worrisome and could have significant public health impact such as treatment failures, and possibly death, if not properly managed. The solutions to this crisis are to allocate more resources to basic and clinical research and to infection control and antimicrobial stewardship, to develop new antimicrobials, and to optimize the use of those that are currently available. Keywords: XDR, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, FOX, MOX ampicillinase

Multi drug resistant

10.22270/ijmspr.v9i3.76

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Prevalence and multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli in urinary tract infection cases of HIV patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria

African Journal of Microbiology Research (2022)

Beatrice Ngozi John-Onwe Iroha Ifeanyichukwu Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses A. L. Onuora J. O. Nwigwe

The study determined the frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-PEc) in HIV-infected individuals with urinary tract infections (UTIs) attending Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA II), and the responses of these bacterial pathogens to colistin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and ertapenem. Exactly 200 urine samples (mid-stream) were collected from HIV-infected individuals. Standard microbiological techniques were used to characterize bacterial isolates. Phenotypic screening for the production of ESBLs was done by double disc synergy test. Antibiotic susceptibility study was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results showed the presence of ESBL-PEc in the urine samples of HIV-infected individuals. ESBL-PEc were highly resistant to gentamycin (85%), ofloxacin (75%), ciprofloxacin (75%), nalidixic acid (70%), tobramycin (65%), kanamycin (64.3%), and norfloxacin (60%), but susceptible to ertapenem (60%) and amikacin (57.1%). The ESBL-PEc isolates were multidrug-resistant. Average multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI) value of isolates was 0.8, further depicting misuse/abuse of these antibiotic classes in our study area. Thus, it is pertinent to carry out antibiotic susceptibility testing before the commencement of antibiotic therapy, especially in HIV-positive patients with UTIs so as to attain effective treatment regimens and reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance in healthcare settings. Key words: Escherichia coli, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), multidrug resistance, antibiotics, urinary tract infections (UTI), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients.

Ertapenem

Amikacin

Nitrofurantoin

Fosfomycin

10.5897/ajmr2022.9624

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