In the summer of 2004 my wife and I were in Mardin, a small city in southeastern Turkey that sees few foreign visitors.My wife spotted a shop specializing in the attractive blue cotton dresses worn by Turkish schoolgirls and thought these might be a nice gift for our twin granddaughters.As is her habit she fell into conversation with the shopkeeper.The first question, as always, was "Where are you from?" "America," she responded.That answer is pretty much a conversation-stopper anywhere in the Middle East these days, but as a rule Middle Easterners, ever courteous, will quickly regain their poise and say something like, "We don't like Bush, but America is good."Not this time."America!" he exploded."Colonialism, imperialism, democracy!"This was an unexpected triad, and we talked with him for quite a while.What could be wrong with democracy?We determined soon enough that the shopkeeper was not the sort of militant Islamist who regards democratic institutions as a Satanic assault on the principles of Islam.It was far simpler matter; for him, "democracy" was bombs and military occupation.I must admit that at the time I found the logic of this explanation rather elusive, but on reflection I began to see how it might run.In his mind America was plainly imperialist and colonialist.If Americans insisted (as they tend to do) that the core value of their country was democracy, then democracy-American democracy at least-was just another name for a policy of violence and domination.Perhaps few other Middle Easterners would subscribe to our Mardin shopkeeper's simplistic equation of democracy with imperialism, but most would laugh at any claim that America's motives are pure and its policies well-intentioned.To them American words are self-evident hypocrisy in the light of American actions, just as most Westerners cannot reconcile protestations that Islam is a religion of peace and tolerance with public beheadings and car bombings carried out in the name of Islam.For both
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With elaborate headgear set with a lotus flower at its center, this early mother-goddess digurine displays a canon of fashions which will distinguish goddess types for centuries hence, The relative nudity of the goddess, contrasted to the appliques of beads and jeweled girdle, are in keeping with later Indian practices and suggest a ceremonial costume of sorts, The concept of an earth-mother with the attribute of the lotus and the adornment of jewelry has its origins in images such as this one, As queen of all existence, the goddess is shown richly arrayed yet not concealing her most characteristic feminine attributes which, to the Indian, symbolized life itself,
