Itsenko-Cushing’s disease is a disease characterized by dysfunctions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. Without therapy during the first five years, the survival rate is 50 %, and the patient’s condition improves markedly with palliative treatment, increasing the survival rate to 86 %. Today, there are a number of criteria for the diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways and certain respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest tightness, cough, and sibilant rale. All symptoms vary in intensity and duration, occur at any time of the day, but especially often at night or in the early morning, and present with variable airway obstruction. It is one of the most common diseases: there are about 348 million patients in the world, with 32 million patients in Europe. According to experts in the Russian Federation, the prevalence of bronchial asthma is 6.9 % in adult population and about 10 % in children and adolescents. The disease can occur at any age; approximately in half of patients, bronchial asthma develops before the age of 10, and in third — before the age of 40. Among children with asthma, there are 2 times more boys than girls; by the age of 30, this ratio levels off. The death rate from asthma in children is 2.5 per million (about 185 patients).
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated genetically determined disease with a predominant lesion of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by the development of specific changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine. The prevalence of the disease is on average 1.4 % of the total population of the planet. Other autoimmune diseases are associated with celiac disease, including Hashimoto»s thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, primary biliary cirrhosis, and Addison»s disease. In the clinical picture, there are no specific symptoms that could directly indicate the presence of celiac disease. The variety of forms of this disease also complicates the diagnosis. The leading diagnostic methods are serodiagnosis with the detection of specific antibodies to deaminated gliadin peptides, tissue transglutaminase, antiendomysial and antigliadin antibodies, as well as HLA typing and histological examination of biopsy material taken from the duodenal mucosa. The leading treatment method is the prescription of a gluten-free diet in combination with maintenance therapy drugs: vitamins of groups A, B, C, D, E, iron and magnesium compounds.
Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is a disease that entails a transient violation of the systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricular myocardium with subsequent enlargement of the heart chambers, akinesia of the apical and middle segments and normo- or hyperkinesia of the basal segments in the absence of pronounced hemodynamic stenosis of the coronary arteries. To date, there is no reliable information about the pathogenesis, methods of therapy and possible prognosis of this disease, so there is a need for further research.
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