Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from pine cones of Pinus koraiensis and Pinus sylvestris from northeast China was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and 35 and 31 components were identified, respectively. α-pinene (35.2%), limonene (18.4%), β-pinene (8.7%), β-caryophyllene (3.5%) and myrcene (3.0%) were the main components in P. koraiensis cone oil. Aromadendrene (20.2%), α-pinene (18.5%), α-longipinene (10.5%) and α-terpineol (5.5%) were the main components in P. sylvestris cone oil. The antioxidant activity of the oils from P. koraiensis and P. sylvestris was evaluated using the DPPH.
Government intervention in the bankruptcy reorganisation of listed companies in China constitutes a major obstacle to implement the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People’s Republic of China which was enacted in 2006 (2006 EBL). The 2006 EBL improves upon its predecessor legislation — the 1986 EBL, which granted extensive powers to the Chinese government for its administrative control over the bankruptcy of enterprises, mainly state-owned enterprises. A new administrator mechanism has been established to replace the old liquidation group; the power of the creditors’ meeting has been strengthened and the creditors’ committee has been established in the 2006 EBL to better protect the interests of the creditors, which was intentionally ignored under the 1986 EBL; the people’s court obtained more powers in confirming the reorganisation plans by using its cramdown power and controlling the bankruptcy proceedings under the 2006 EBL. One of the goals of the lawmakers to improve these bankruptcy institutions is to reduce the government intervention in China and protect the interests of stakeholders. However, government intervention in fact renders these bankruptcy institutions weak and cannot function as expected by the lawmakers. This article analyses the negative effects exerted on the these institutions by the government intervention in the bankruptcy reorganisation of listed companies in China and argues that the government should return the powers to the bankruptcy institutions in order to let the bankruptcy system serve a better function in China’s market.This article is published in two parts. The first part discusses the negative effects of government intervention on bankruptcy institutions. The second part, appearing in the next issue, analyses the effects of the reorganisation on the listed companies exerted by the government.
Camphora longepaniculata is an endangered evergreen tree listed as National Class II Protected Tree Species in China, highly valued for its medicinal and economic importance. Currently, research on this species has primarily focused on its pharmaceutical properties, while its potential distribution and responses to climate change remain insufficiently explored. In this study, 36 valid occurrence records and 11 environmental variables were utilized to predict its potential distribution and assess its response to future climate scenarios. The MaxEnt model revealed that the current distribution of C. longepaniculata largely aligns with its predicted suitable habitats, with the primary range located in Sichuan Province. Furthermore, this model identified the highly suitable habitats to be predominantly concentrated in Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces under climate change. Among the environmental variables, annual precipitation (bio12), minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio6), and elevation (dem) were the most influential, collectively contributing over 70% to the model’s predictive accuracy. Future climate projections compared to the current distribution suggest a northward expansion of suitable habitats for C. longepaniculata, although Sichuan Province is predicted to remain the core habitat under future scenarios. Kernel density analysis of occurrence points indicated that the largest concentration of distribution points is near the Sichuan Basin, reinforcing the importance of this region as a stronghold for the species. Based on the results of potential distribution and kernel density analysis, in situ conservation, artificial cultivation, and the establishment of wild protected areas and local germplasm banks are recommended for stable, suitable habitats, such as Sichuan Province and parts of Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces. This study not only sheds light on the potential geographical distribution of C. longepaniculata and its response to climate change but also provides a scientific basis for the development of targeted conservation strategies for this species.
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