Raj Kumar

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute

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Sneha Dobhal

Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Uttarakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry

Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute

Kamlesh Verma

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute

D. Dinesh

Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation

Ashwani Kumar

Vector Control Research Centre

Samriti Sharma

Chandigarh University

Rajender Kumar Yadav

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute

P. R. Bhatnagar

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute

Chander Parkash

Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Gaurav Singh

Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation

Cooperative Institutions

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute

Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry

Banaras Hindu University

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University

Punjab Agricultural University

Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology

Forest Research Institute

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Sustainable natural resource management paradigms and research priorities in context to Indian agriculture

Journal of Natural Resource Conservation and Management (2020)

Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj Raj Kumar S. Arora Atul Kumar Singh

Agro-ecosystems sustainability is largely determined by its economic viability and its impacts on the environment and society as a whole.The efficient management of on-farm resources in integration with natural biogeochemical cycles broadens the natural resource base for economic agriculture, and enhances environmental quality.Sustainably managing natural resources also envisages exploring intricate linkages among biophysical, technological, social-economic and environmental factors.For sustainably enhancing growth in agriculture production, there is a need to increase resource use efficiency by integration of agronomy with natural biogeochemical cycles for conserving resources, and to innovate to create efficient technologies for precise application and use of resources.In any case the the solutions must take care of the urgent environmental concerns on priority basis.

Natural Resource Management

Resource Management

10.51396/anrcm.1.1.2020.1-6

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Citations (4)

Carbon Sequestration in Degraded Lands: Current Prospects, Practices, and Future Strategies

Raj Kumar Awtar Singh Ashim Datta R. P. Yadav D. Dinesh

The productivity of soil depends on its quality, which is mainly governed by the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and its dynamics. Degraded lands are undoubtedly getting much attention as the demand for food, feed, and fuel continues to increase at the unprecedented rates, whereas productive agricultural land is shrinking in many parts of the world. It has been computed that ~3.6 million hectares area worldwide have been already degraded, and at present world is losing agricultural land comparable to 26 football fields per minute. Degraded lands are extremely poor in the SOC stock; hence, great opportunity exists to restore the SOC stock of such lands. Soil plays a vital role in carbon (C) capturing and storage; therefore the management practices aiming at restoring SOC stock in degraded lands are needed to be identified. The estimated global potential for sequestration of total C is between 78 and 106 million Mg year−1, where 12.9% is contributed through restoring degraded soils and 45.6% through controlling erosion as well as its management. Among the different management practices, the application of organic amendments, conservation agriculture, soil conservation measures, tree plantations, and agroforestry practices have shown enormous potential to sequester C in the soils. The application of organic amendments can ameliorate and enhance SOC stock as well as improve soil fertility of degraded soils. Conservation agriculture practices especially zero tillage and residue retention enhances soil C content in the soil under long-term perspectives. Afforestation of degraded lands has a tremendous potential to sequester atmospheric C and could be major sink of carbon dioxide (CO2) if their potential is fully utilized. Agroforestry systems also play an important role in mitigating climate change, having the ability to sequester atmospheric CO2 both in plant parts and soil systems. Despite the immense potential of soil to store C, the several constraints and challenges, such as, lack of land use planning, technological limitation and their poor dissemination, and ineffective action plans are creating obstacles in devising strategies for sequestering C in the soils. Therefore, devising of appropriate futuristic strategy on soil C sequestration in degraded lands could bridge the gap between the constraints and opportunities.

Soil carbon

Soil Management

Stock (firearms)

Soil Quality

10.1007/978-981-19-6179-3_9

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Citations (2)

Macrobenthos in the mangrove ecosystem of Cochin backwaters, Kerala (southwest coast of India)

Oceanographic literature review (1995)

Raj Kumar

Macrobenthos

Benthos

10.1016/0967-0653(96)82567-1

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Citations (36)

Mangrove Forests

Ajay Kumar Thattantavide Anju Archa Vijay Vidya P. Warrier Sushil Kumar

Mangroves are globally recognized for their ecological, economic, social, and cultural importance. They provide a variety of goods and services to humanity. Mangroves are a group of trees and shrubs sheltered in the intertidal zones of tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of the planet. They are adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions such as salinity, waterlogging, and inundation. They also are one of the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems on earth as they support the existence of a large number of organisms. Despite multiple goods and ecological services they deliver, mangrove ecosystems are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems because of several threats such as overexploitation, conversion, and encroachment of mangrove habitats for agricultural and settlement purposes, a decline in freshwater and silt deposition, heavy metal pollution, global warming, and sea level rise. This chapter provides important recent developments in the mangrove distribution, species diversity, diverse goods and services that they provide, threats to their survival, policies and global initiatives for their conservation, and challenges associated with conservation and restoration programs.

Overexploitation

Defaunation

10.1002/9781119692621.ch12

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Integration ofAndrographis paniculataas Potential Medicinal Plant in Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghiiSarg.) Plantation of North-Western Himalaya

Scientifica (2016)

Chandra Sanwal Raj Kumar S. D. Bhardwaj

The integration of Andrographis paniculata under Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine) plantation has been studied to evaluate the growth and yield for its economic viability and conservation. It was grown on three topographical aspects, namely, northern, north-western, and western, at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm, followed by three tillage depths, namely, minimum (0 cm), medium (up to 10 cm), and deep (up to 15 cm) tillage. The growth parameters, namely, plant height and number of branches per plant, were recorded as significantly higher on western aspect and lowest on northern aspect except for leaf area index which was found nonsignificant. However under all tillage practices all the growth parameters in both understorey and open conditions were found to be nonsignificant except for plant height which was found to be significantly highest under deep tillage and lowest under minimum tillage. The study of net returns for Andrographis paniculata revealed that it had positive average annual returns even in understorey conditions which indicate its possible economic viability under integration of Chir pine plantations. Hence net returns can be enhanced by integrating Andrographis paniculata and this silvimedicinal system can be suggested which will help utilizing an unutilized part of land and increase total productivity from such lands besides conservation of the A. paniculata in situ.

Andrographis Paniculata

Pinus roxburghii

Understory

10.1155/2016/2049532

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Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses to Salt Stress and Seed Priming Approach to Enhance Salt Tolerance in Bread Wheat

Parul Parul Arvind Kumar Shiksha Chourasia Raj Kumar Geeta Devi

Soil and water salinization induced by climate change and anthropogenic activities is a major threat to the wheat production, globally. Wheat is a major source of calories for two-thirds of the global population. Salt stress adversely affects seed germination, plant growth and development, and physiological processes through reduction in chlorophyll content, hormonal imbalance, alteration in metabolic activities, and modification in household gene expression, which ultimately decreases the yield of wheat. Therefore, detailed understanding of the effects of salt stress in wheat crop is essential to devise the remedial measures for reducing its adverse effect of the crop. In the past, various approaches including management of saline soils, selection of salt-tolerant germplasm, and development of salt-tolerant cultivars through conventional and molecular breeding approaches have been applied to a limited extent. However, various crop management practices, such as seed priming, nutrient management, and exogenous applications of organic (phytohormones, osmolytes) and inorganic chemicals, were found to be more effective in managing the adverse effects of salinity in wheat crop as the biological approaches are very costly, time consuming, and labor intensive. Therefore, in this chapter, we reviewed from available literature the salt stress induced effects on physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of wheat and the advantage of seed priming with chemical in plant growth and grain yield improvement of wheat under salt stress.

Priming (agriculture)

10.1007/978-981-99-4669-3_4

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Biomass, horizontal zonation and vertical stratification of polychaete fauna in the littoral sediment of Cochin estuarine mangrove habitat, south west coast of India

Indian Journal of Marine Sciences (2002)

Raj Kumar

Biomass distribution, horizontal zonation, relative dominance and vertical distribution of polychaetes were studied. Highest biomass was recorded in the mid tidal region in both study areas. The monthly values varied from 4.43 to 128.28 g.m -2 at st 1 and 2.57 to 67.31 g.m -2 at st 2. Multiple regression analysis between biomass and environmental parameters indicate that they could not individually or in combination bring about the spatial and temporal variability in biomass distribution. Moreover, at st 1 edaphic factors appear to be responsible for partial variation in biomass indicating comparatively high F ratio for variance analysis than station 2. ANOVA of species diversity indices values (P 70%) among polychaete fauna. This similarity and affinity of fauna for a long period evidently indicate the habitat stability that is pertained to the existence of species diversity and abundance. This is related to the prolonged food resource input and profound standing capacity in the littoral mangrove soil, which virtually render in building up a stable community structure of polychaetes. As a result of this, selection of habitat by polychaetes, its survival and subsequent long-term biomass production were occurred. The strong similarity of polychaete fauna between months and biomass productivity can be considered for deriving the productive characteristic of the mangrove habitat, and also for assessing demersal fishery potential.

Dominance (genetics)

Edaphic

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Evaluation and geo-database creation of watersheds in Siwaliks, Haryana.

Current Science (2010)

V.S. Arya Raj Kumar R. S. Hooda

An evaluation for the development work done in the two watersheds, viz. Bunga and Dabkauri in Panchkula District, Haryana was carried out for 2004 and 2007. Satellite digital data of LISS-IV sensor for 2004 and merge product of LISS-III and PAN for 2007 was used. The data was interpreted for their land use/land cover classes for both the years. The data shows that there is an increase of 33.93% in crop land area. There is a substantial decrease of 97.84% in agricultural fallow land, i.e. land without scrub and sparse vegetation on hills also decreased during the period. Dense vegetation area, i.e. forest plantations on the hills and in the Piedmont area was increased. It was observed that a total of 33 water harvesting structures were constructed between 2004 and 2007.

Merge (version control)

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Agricultural land

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Agronomic biofortification of food crops: An emerging opportunity for global food and nutritional security

Frontiers in Plant Science (2022)

Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj Sukirtee Chejara Kapil Malik Raj Kumar Ashwani Kumar

Fortification of food with mineral micronutrients and micronutrient supplementation occupied the center stage during the two-year-long Corona Pandemic, highlighting the urgent need to focus on micronutrition. Focus has also been intensified on the biofortification (natural assimilation) of mineral micronutrients into food crops using various techniques like agronomic, genetic, or transgenic. Agronomic biofortification is a time-tested method and has been found useful in the fortification of several nutrients in several crops, yet the nutrient use and uptake efficiency of crops has been noted to vary due to different growing conditions like soil type, crop management, fertilizer type, etc. Agronomic biofortification can be an important tool in achieving nutritional security and its importance has recently increased because of climate change related issues, and pandemics such as COVID-19. The introduction of high specialty fertilizers like nano-fertilizers, chelated fertilizers, and water-soluble fertilizers that have high nutrient uptake efficiency and better nutrient translocation to the consumable parts of a crop plant has further improved the effectiveness of agronomic biofortification. Several new agronomic biofortification techniques like nutripriming, foliar application, soilless activation, and mechanized application techniques have further increased the relevance of agronomic biofortification. These new technological advances, along with an increased realization of mineral micronutrient nutrition have reinforced the relevance of agronomic biofortification for global food and nutritional security. The review highlights the advances made in the field of agronomic biofortification

Biofortification

Nutrient Management

Food fortification

10.3389/fpls.2022.1055278

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Citations (42)

List of contributors

Elsevier eBooks (2024)

Shivaleela Biradar Lydia Bogomolnaya Bhaskar Chittoori James Denvir Ajay Singh Dhama

10.1016/b978-0-443-16092-9.01002-x

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