Wen-Hsuan Chan

University of California, San Diego

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Katherine A. DeLong

University of California, San Diego

Marta Kutas

University of California, San Diego

Jeanne Townsend

University of California, San Diego

Chia‐Ying Lee

Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica

Jie-Li Tsai

National Chengchi University

Yu-Te Wang

Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica

Chun-Hsien Hsu

National Central University

Brandon Keehn

Purdue University West Lafayette

Ovid J. L. Tzeng

Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica

Tzyy‐Ping Jung

Tianjin University

Cooperative Institutions

University of California, San Diego

National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University

Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica

National Central University

Academia Sinica

San Diego State University

National Yang Ming University Hospital

Center for Neurosciences

University of Cambridge

Autism Research Institute

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Psychophysiology (2018)

Katherine A. DeLong Wen-Hsuan Chan Marta Kutas

Abstract Current psycholinguistic research generally acknowledges that aspects of sentence comprehension benefit from neural preactivation of different types of information. However, despite strong support from a number of studies, routine specific word form preactivation has been challenged by Ito, Corley, Pickering, Martin, and Nieuwland (2016). They suggest that word form prediction is contingent upon having enough processing time and resources (afforded by slower input rates) to progress through unidirectional, productionlike stages of comprehension to arrive at word forms via semantic feature preactivation. This conclusion is based on findings from their ERP study, which used a related anomaly paradigm and reported form preactivation at a slow (700 ms) word presentation rate but not a faster one (500 ms). The present experimental design is a conceptual replication of Ito et al. (2016), testing young adults by measuring ERP amplitudes to unpredictable words related either semantically/associatively or orthographically to predictable sentence continuations, relative to unrelated continuations. Results showed that, at a visual presentation rate of two words per second, both types of related words show similarly reduced N400s, as well as varying degrees of increased posterior post‐N400 positivity. These findings indicate that word form preactivation during sentence comprehension is detectable along a similar time course as semantic feature preactivation, and such processing does not necessarily require additional time beyond that afforded by near‐normal reading rates.

Feature (linguistics)

10.1111/psyp.13312

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Citations (32)

Evaluating the Performance of Non-Hair SSVEP-Based BCIs Featuring Template-Based Decoding Methods

Wen-Hsuan Chan Kuan-Jung Chiang Masaki Nakanishi Yu-Te Wang Tzyy‐Ping Jung

Our previous study has demonstrated the feasibility of employing non-hair-bearing electrodes to build a Steady-state Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP)-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system, relaxing technical barriers in preparation time and offering an ease-of-use apparatus. The signal quality of the SSVEPs and the resultant performance of the non-hair BCI, however, did not close upon those reported in the state-of-the-art BCI studies based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) measured from the occipital regions. Recently, advanced decoding algorithms such as task-related component analysis have made a breakthrough in enhancing the signal quality of the occipital SSVEPs and the performance of SSVEP-based BCIs in a well-controlled laboratory environment. However, it remains unclear if the advanced decoding algorithms can extract highfidelity SSVEPs from the non-hair EEG and enhance the practicality of non-hair BCIs in real-world environments. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate whether, and if so, to what extent the non-hair BCIs can leverage the state-of-art decoding algorithms. Eleven healthy individuals participated in a 5-target SSVEP BCI experiment. A high-density EEG cap recorded SSVEPs from both hair-covered and non-hair-bearing regions. By evaluating and demonstrating the accessibility of nonhair-bearing behind-ear signals, our assessment characterized constraints on data length, trial numbers, channels, and their relationships with the decoding algorithms, providing practical guidelines to optimize SSVEP-based BCI systems in real-life applications.

Interface (matter)

10.1109/embc.2018.8512662

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An exploratory data analysis of word form prediction during word-by-word reading

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020)

Thomas P. Urbach Katherine A. DeLong Wen-Hsuan Chan Marta Kutas

Significance Complex biological systems do not merely react, they anticipate. In 2005, the human-language comprehension system was considered an exception. We concluded not, based on our recordings of electrical brain activity measured before the critical words arrived during sentence reading, described in a now widely cited report. This, and the emergence of the “statistical crisis” in psychology, led to a large-scale replication attempt that failed. This prompted us to revisit the issue by analyzing our original data and two replication extensions with an exploratory data analysis (EDA) approach, enabled by advances in scientific computing technology. Our original conclusion was supported: Brains can anticipate specific upcoming words. We offer this as a case study in EDA for cognitive neurophysiology, more generally.

Replication

10.1073/pnas.1922028117

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Testing limits: ERP evidence for word form preactivation during speeded sentence reading

Psychophysiology (2020)

Katherine A. DeLong Wen-Hsuan Chan Marta Kutas

Abstract While it is commonly agreed upon that language comprehenders preactivate information at multiple levels, there is less consensus regarding what and when information is predicted, under which circumstances, and via which mechanism(s). Regarding when , Ito, Corley, Pickering, Martin, & Nieuwland (2016) concluded that during sentence processing, word form—unlike semantic—preactivation crucially relies on the time available to generate late‐stage predictions via language production mechanisms, setting this limit between 500 and 700 ms/word. The current event‐related brain potential (ERP) study tests this proposal at a substantially faster serial visual presentation (SVP) rate of four words/s, on par with normal reading. We utilize the experimental design and replicate the general ERP findings of the two words/s SVP study of DeLong, Chan, & Kutas (2019), with results showing similar N400 reductions to unpredictable sentence continuations whether semantically or orthographically related to contextually predictable words, as well as an increased late posterior positivity to orthographic neighbors. These findings indicate that processing of written word information can be rapidly facilitated through context‐based expectancies, establishing that if there is a time constraint for word form preactivation, it must be far less than limits specified by the prediction‐by‐production comprehension model championed by Ito et al.

10.1111/psyp.13720

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Citations (6)

Temporal dynamics of the consistency effect in reading Chinese: an event-related potentials study

Neuroreport (2007)

Chia‐Ying Lee Jie-Li Tsai Wen-Hsuan Chan Chun-Hsien Hsu Daisy L. Hung

This study aimed to explore the temporal dynamics of the consistency effect in reading Chinese phonograms. High-consistency and low-consistency characters were used in the homophone judgment task, and the event-related potentials were recorded. The data showed that low-consistency characters elicited greater N170 amplitude in the temporal–occipital region and greater P200 amplitude in the frontal region than high-consistency characters, whereas high-consistency characters showed greater amplitude of the N400 negativity than low-consistency characters. These findings can be interpreted as indicating that low-consistency characters produce a greater activation for the initial analysis of the orthographical and phonological representations, whereas high-consistency characters involve a greater lexical competition in the later stage.

Homophone

Negativity effect

10.1097/wnr.0b013e328010d4e4

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Citations (77)

Dopaminergic hypo-activity and reduced theta-band power in autism spectrum disorder: A resting-state EEG study

International Journal of Psychophysiology (2019)

Taylor Hornung Wen-Hsuan Chan Ralph‐Axel Müller Jeanne Townsend Brandon Keehn

10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.08.012

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Citations (21)