<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this study was to investigate the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status of children with growing pains and to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D treatment on the resolution of pain symptoms. <b><i>Subjects and Methods:</i></b> One hundred and twenty children with growing pains were included in a prospective cohort study. Serum 25(OH)D and bone mineral levels were measured in all subjects at the time of enrollment. The pain intensity of those with vitamin D deficiency was measured using a pain visual analog scale (VAS). After a single oral dose of vitamin D, the pain intensity was remeasured by means of the VAS at 3 months. The 25(OH)D levels and VAS scores before and after oral vitamin D administration were compared by means of a paired Student's t test. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the 120 children with growing pains, vitamin D insufficiency was noted in 104 (86.6%). Following vitamin D supplementation, the mean 25(OH)D levels increased from 13.4 ± 7.2 to 44.5 ± 16.4 ng/ml, the mean pain VAS score decreased from 6.8 ± 1.9 to 2.9 ± 2.5 cm (a mean reduction of -3.8 ± 2.1, p < 0.001) and the difference was statistically significant. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Supplementation with oral vitamin D resulted in a significant reduction in pain intensity among these children with growing pains who had hypovitaminosis D.
Two randomized controlled clinical trials have shown that Lactobacillus (L) reuteri DSM 17938 reduces the duration of diarrhea in children hospitalized due to acute infectious diarrhea. This was the first trial evaluating the efficacy of L.reuteri DSM 17938 in outpatient children with acute infectious diarrhea. This was a multicenter, randomized, single‐blinded, case control clinical trial in children with acute watery diarrhea. A total of 64 children who presented at outpatient clinics were enrolled. The probiotic group received 1 × 108 CFU L. reuteri DSM 17938 for five days in addition to oral rehydration solution (ORS) and the second group was treated with ORS only. The primary endpoint was the duration of diarrhea (in hours). The secondary endpoint was the number of children with diarrhea at each day of the five days of intervention. Adverse events were also recorded. The mean duration of diarrhea was significantly reduced in the L. reuteri group compared to the control group (approximately 15 hours, 60.4 ± 24.5 hours [95% CI: 51.0‐69.7 hours] vs. 74.3 ± 15.3 hours [95% CI: 68.7‐79.9 hours], p < 0.05). The percentage of children with diarrhea was lower in the L. reuteri group (13/29; 44.8%) after 48 hours than the control group (27/31; 87%; RR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.34‐0.79, p < 0.01). From the 72nd hour of intervention onwards, there was no difference between the two groups in the percentage of children with diarrhea. No adverse effects related to L. reuteri were noted. L. reuteri DSM 17938 is effective, safe, and well‐tolerated in outpatient children with acute infectious diarrhea. Dois ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados demonstraram que o Lactobacillus (L) reuteri DSM 17938 reduz a duração de diarreia em crianças hospitalizadas devido a diarreia infecciosa aguda. Este é o primeiro ensaio que avalia a eficácia do L. reuteri DSM 17938 em crianças com diarreia infecciosa aguda no ambulatório. Ensaio clínico multicêntrico, randomizado, único cego, com grupos paralelos e controlado em crianças com diarreia aguda. Foram inscritas 64 crianças internadas na clínica ambulatorial. O grupo probiótico recebeu 1 × 108 CFU L. reuteri DSM 17938 por cinco dias, além de uma solução de reidratação oral (SRO), e o segundo grupo foi tratado apenas com SRO. O desfecho principal foi a duração da diarreia (em horas). O desfecho secundário foi o número de crianças com diarreia em cada um dos cinco dias da intervenção. Os eventos adversos também foram registrados. A duração média da diarreia foi significativamente reduzida no grupo L. reuteri em comparação com o grupo de controle (aproximadamente 15 horas; 60,4 ± 24,5 horas [51,0‐69,7 horas, IC de 95%] em comparação com 74,3 ± 15,3 horas [68,7‐79,9 horas, IC de 95%], p < 0,05). O percentual de crianças com diarreia foi menor no grupo L. reuteri (13/29; 44,8%) após 48 horas do que no grupo de controle (27/31; 87%) (RR: 0,51; 0,34‐0,79; IC de 95%, < 0,01). A partir da 72a hora de intervenção, não havia diferença entre os dois grupos no percentual de crianças com diarreia. Nenhum efeito adverso com relação ao L. reuteri foi observado. O L. reuteri DSM 17938 é eficaz, seguro e bem tolerado por crianças com diarreia infecciosa aguda no ambulatório.
Abstract Objective Vaccination is an important measure for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate parents' attitudes toward vaccinating themselves and their children. We also searched whether information about the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a severe complication of COVID-19, could change parents' decisions on vaccinating their children. Methods A questionnaire form consisting of sociodemographic features, COVID-19 vaccination practices, and knowledge about MIS-C was applied to parents of children attending Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital from March through June 2022. Factors affecting vaccine hesitancy were evaluated. Results Among 383 parents, COVID-19 history was present in 248 (64.8%), and 165 (43.1%) were hesitant to vaccinate themselves. The number of cases where both parents had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine was 256/354 (72.3%). The most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy were vaccines being new in 53/165 (32.1%) and fears of side effects in 95/165 (57.6%). Parents' hesitation toward vaccination of their children with the COVID-19 vaccine was highest for the 0 to 6 age group (78.9%) (73.6% in the 6–12 age group, and 47.3% in the 12–18 age group). In total, 365/383 (95.3%) parents did not have an opinion about MIS-C. After information was given, 62.5% of the 302 participants who opposed vaccinating children under 6 years changed their decision to have their children vaccinated. Conclusion Although routine childhood vaccinations were performed in 99% of children, more than half of parents were hesitant to vaccinate their children with the COVID-19 vaccine. The majority did not have an opinion about MIS-C. Briefings by pediatricians about complications of COVID-19 will help avoid vaccine hesitancy.
Objective: Tigecycline has a wide spectrum antimicrobial activity including multi-drug resistant and extended drug resistant nosocomial Gram-negative bacteria.Although its pediatric use has not been approved, clinicians are sometimes obligated to choose tigecycline as salvage therapy.In this study, we present our clinical experience regarding tigecycline use in children. Material and Methods:This was a retrospective study of children who had been given tigecycline therapy at least 48 consecutive hours of duration in the pediatric departments of two tertiary-centers from January 2011 to March 2016.Results: Twenty four patients (13 female, 54.2%) with median age of 96 months (1-192) were enrolled.Tigecycline was started for ventilator associated pneumonia (n= 10, 41.7%), blood stream infection (n= 7, 29.2%), catheter related infection (n= 1, 4.2%), complicated skin soft tissue intection (n= 1, 4.2%) and emprically (n= 5, 20.8%).The most common isolated pathogen was Acinetobacter baumannii (n= 13, 54.2%).Other pathogens were Klebsiella spp.(n= 4, 16.6%), methicilline resistant Staphylococcus aureus, (n= 1, 42%) and Leptospira spp.(n= 1, 4.2%).All of the patients had tigecycline combination therapy.The most common combination was tigecycline + colistin (n= 10, 41.7%).Two patients (8.3%) had mild adverse events.The mortality rate was 45.8%.There was negative correlation between the age of patients and mortality rate (p= 0.006). Conclusion:Tigecycline may be used in critically ill children as salvage therapy with considerably mild side effects.
Objective: Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood, and magnesium is one of the most frequently found minerals in human body and it is used in the treatment of asthma.Although there are studies on magnesium levels in adult patients with asthma, there is yet no data on the levels of magnesium in children.The present study compared the levels of serum magnesium between the children with asthma and healthy children. Methods:Children aged between 5 and 17 years with mild-moderate persistent asthma, who were admitted to our hospital between January 2009 and August 2010, were included in the study.Serum magnesium levels were measured in 50 patients with acute asthma attack, in 50 patients receiving treatment for stable asthma, and in 50 children admitted to the hospital for any reason and matched with asthma patients except for the diagnosis of asthma.The test was performed by photometric method using Roche-Hitachi Modular P biochemistry analyzer.The normal range of serum Mg was considered to be 1.59-to-2.10mg/dL and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: All three groups were similar in terms of mean age and gender distribution.Although mean serum magnesium levels were within the normal range in healthy children and in children treated for stable asthma (1.89±0.32 and 1.93±0.34mg/dL respectively), it was 1.62±0.26mg/dL in children having an asthma attack, which was within the normal range but close to the lower limit (p<0.001). Conclusion:Although its efficacy has not been definitely proven, magnesium is used either via intravenous route or as inhaler in acute asthma attack.Knowledge about the changes in body magnesium levels of asthma patients would be a guide for revealing the role of magnesium in the treatment of asthma.As was shown in the present study, magnesium levels tend to decrease in the body during acute attack.
Objectives: Septic arthritis (SA) is a serious bacterial infection that must be treated efficiently and timely. The large number of culture-negative cases makes local epidemiological data important. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the etiology, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic approach of SA in children in Turkiye, emphasizing the role of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques in the diagnosis. Methods: In this multi-center, prospective study, children hospitalized due to SA between February 2018 and July 2020 in 23 hospitals in 14 cities in Turkiye were included. Clinical, demographic, laboratory, and radiological findings were assessed, and real-time PCR was performed using synovial fluid samples. Results: Seventy-five children aged between 3 and 204 months diagnosed with acute SA were enrolled. Joint pain was the main complaint at admission, and the most commonly involved joints were the knees in 58 patients (77.4%). The combination of synovial fluid culture and real-time PCR detected causative bacteria in 33 patients (44%). In 14 (18.7%) patients, the etiological agent was demonstrated using only PCR. The most commonly isolated etiologic agent was Staphylococcus aureus, which was detected in 22 (29.3%) patients, while Streptococcus pyogenes was found in 4 (5.3%) patients and Kingella kingae in 3 (4%) patients. Streptococcus pyogenes and Kingella kingae were detected using only PCR. Most patients (81.3%) received combination therapy with multiple agents, and the most commonly used combination was glycopeptides plus third-generation cephalosporin. Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogen in pediatric SA, and with the use of advanced diagnostic approaches, such as real-time PCR, the chance of diagnosis increases, especially in cases due to Kingella kingae and Streptococcus pyogenes.