Objective Examine the relationship between sociodemographic and forensic characteristics and alcohol and smoking rates, substance use and delinquency profiles in children.
Introduction: Although children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were reported to have insufficient breastfeeding, consequences and oropharyngeal implications of this finding have not been studied. In this case-control study, we aimed to investigate early feeding practices and parafunctional oral habits in children with ADHD. Subjects and Methods: The study group consisted of 200 children and adolescents, 7–17 years old, diagnosed as having ADHD at Marmara University Child Psychiatry Clinics in Istanbul, Turkey. The Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales were used to assess behavioral disturbances. A questionnaire was developed consisting of items pertaining to breastfeeding period, early feeding history, and parafunctional oral habits. The study data were compared with those for 175 healthy schoolchildren after exclusion of possible ADHD cases. Results: The children with ADHD were found to have insufficient exclusive breastfeeding (less than 6 months) (p=0.0001). The children with insufficient exclusive breastfeeding were more likely to have a history of bottle feeding, longer duration of bottle feeding, and early introduction of bottle feeding (p=0.01). Overall, significant differences were detected on the domains of duration of bottle feeding, introduction of bottle feeding, introduction of pacifier use, variables of nail and toenail biting, as well as pencil biting, bruxism, and snoring between the ADHD group and the control group. Conclusions: The present results indicate that early in life, children with ADHD are subject to insufficient exclusive breastfeeding, different feeding practices, and elevated parafunctional oral habits more often than typically developing children. For all professionals who provide healthcare to children, increased awareness and attention to these factors are suggested.
We aimed to investigate psychosocial changes such as burnout, caregiver burden, depression, and coping in mothers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) after tracheostomy placement.A total of 48 children with CP and chronic respiratory insufficiency and their mothers participated in the study. The children with tracheostomy were classified as T (+) (n = 26) and those who did not have tracheostomy were classified as T (-) (n = 22). The patients with tracheostomy through invasive mechanical ventilation were classified as TIV (+). The data about the clinical conditions of the patients and the sociodemographic characteristics of the mothers were recorded. Zarit caregiver burden, Maslach burnout, Beck depression, and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) questionnaires were applied to all mothers.Beck depression score was 14 ± 8.24 in T (+) group and 16.09 ± 9.65 in T (-) group (p = .576). There was no significant difference between the T (+) and T (-) groups in the Maslach burnout inventory, Zarit caregiver burden scale, and their subgroups. The first two methods from the COPE scales were identical. In the T (+) group, the third coping method was found as "planning" and in the T (-) group as "active coping". Maslach burnout inventory, Zarit 1, and Zarit 2 scores were higher in patients with only tracheostomy compared to those with TIV (p = .002, p = .018, p = .021).In the study presented, the placement of tracheostomy in children with CP does not increase mother's depression tendencies and mood changes.
Pandemics can cause substantial psychological distress; however, we do not know the impact of the COVID-19 related lockdown and mental health burden on the parents of school age children. We aimed to comparatively examine the COVID-19 related the stress and psychological burden of the parents with different occupational, locational, and mental health status related backgrounds.A large-scale multicenter online survey was completed by the parents (n = 3,278) of children aged 6 to 18 years, parents with different occupational (health care workers-HCW [18.2%] vs. others), geographical (İstanbul [38.2%] vs. others), and psychiatric (child with a mental disorder [37.8%]) backgrounds.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being a HCW parent (odds ratio 1.79, p < .001), a mother (odds ratio 1.67, p < .001), and a younger parent (odds ratio 0.98, p = .012); living with an adult with a chronic physical illness (odds ratio 1.38, p < .001), having an acquaintance diagnosed with COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.22, p = .043), positive psychiatric history (odds ratio 1.29, p < .001), and living with a child with moderate or high emotional distress (odds ratio 1.29, p < .001; vs. odds ratio 2.61, p < .001) were independently associated with significant parental distress.Parents report significant psychological distress associated with COVID-19 pandemic and further research is needed to investigate its wider impact including on the whole family unit.
Abstract Aim We aimed to evaluate the coping styles and social support perceived by the children with two different chronic diseases (cancer and bronchiectasis), their mothers’ coping styles and compare them with a control group without any chronic physical or psychiatric disorder. Methods Our sample consisted of 114 children and adolescents, with an age range from 9 to 15 years. The data were collected by using schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school‐age children‐present and lifetime version, kid‐coping orientation to problems experienced (Kid‐COPE), social support appraisals scale (SSAS), and COPE. Results All three groups were similar with respect to age and sex distribution. Around 50% to 60% of the children in both patient groups had a psychiatric diagnosis. Remarkably, 30% of the children had an internalizing disorder. The most commonly used coping style by the mothers was religious coping in all groups. Kid‐COPE scores did not significantly differ between groups. The scores on Family and Friend subscales of SSAS in the bronchiectasis group were significantly lower when compared with those of participants in hematology‐oncology and control groups. Conclusion Chronic medical illnesses may have a similar psychological impact on children regardless of disease‐specific clinical presentations and outcomes. Future studies need to focus on identifying protective and risk factors that potentially mediate psychosocial well‐being.
To evaluate the executive functions and social reciprocity of children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and compared them with healthy controls.
