To observe the effect of leptin on osteoblast.Human osteoblast primary culture was carried out, and the morphology and function of osteoblast were observed. The effects of different levels of leptin on osteoblast in different days were assessed by MTT colorimetry. Osteocalcin production was measured also.Human osteoblasts were fusiform in shape and were positive for alkaline phosphatase by histochemical staining, positive for osteocalcin by immunofluorescence staining, and positive by Alizarin Reds staining after mineralized upon supplementation with ascorbate and beta-glycerophosphate. On the first, second and third days, the proliferation of osteoblast, cultured with different concentrations of leptin, had no changes. The leptin-stimulated synthesis of osteocalcin of cells was found to be dose-dependent (P < 0.05), but not time-dependent (P > 0.05).The above data indicated that there were no evidences for the effects of leptin on the proliferation of human osteoblast, but leptin could enhance the function of human osteoblast.
Objective
To investigate the renoprotective effects of pentoxifylline (PTX)in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM)based on its mechanism of anti-oxidative stress.
Methods
A total of 50 clean and healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with random number table: normal control group, DM group, high-dose PTX (PTXh)group, low-dose PTX (PTXl)group and benazepril (Ben)group. DM rat models were established with streptozotocin. Urinary protein excretion, serum cystatin C (CysC), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and malondialdehyde (MDA)in renal homogenate were assayed with biochemical analyzer. Renal nitrotyrosine was detected by immunohistochemistry and oxidative carbonyl protein (OCP)by oxyblot immunoblotting. Renal morphology was examined with Masson staining. Rats in all groups were administrated with gastric perfusion once a day for 12 consecutive weeks: control and DM groups with water, PTXl group with 30 mg/ (kg·d)of PTX, PTXh group with 50 mg/ (kg·d)of PTX and Ben group with 3 mg/ (kg·d)of benazepril. Variance analysis was used to compare the data difference between groups.
Results
Compared with that in control group, renal SOD levels in DM, PTXl and Ben groups decreased remarkably (F=4.687, P 0.05).
Conclusion
PTX is proved to be renoprotective in diabetic rats, which may be associated with its anti-oxidative stress mechanism.
Key words:
Diabetic mellitus; Pentoxifylline; Oxidative stress; Nitrotyrosine; Oxidative carbonyl protein
Abstract Aims The osteo‐metabolic changes in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients are intricate and have not been fully revealed. It is not clear whether glucagon is entirely harmful in the pathogenesis of diabetes or a possible endocrine counter‐regulation mechanism to reverse some abnormal bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the association between glucagon and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in T2D patients. Methods A total of 3984 T2D participants were involved in a cross‐sectional study in Shanghai, China. Serum glucagon was measured to elucidate its associations with intact N‐terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), osteocalcin (OC), and β ‐C‐terminal telopeptide ( β ‐CTX). Glucagon was detected with a radioimmunoassay. Propeptide of type I collagen, OC, and β ‐CTX were detected using chemiluminescence. The diagnosis of T2D was based on American Diabetes Association criteria. Results The concentration of glucagon was positively correlated with two BTMs [OC–β: 0.034, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.051, p = 0.024; CTX–β: 0.035, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.062, p = 0.024]. The result of P1NP was [P1NP–regression coefficient ( β ): 0.027, 95% CI: −0.003, 0.049, p = 0.083]. In the glucagon tertiles, P for trend of the BTMs is [P1NP: 0.031; OC: 0.038; CTX: 0.020], respectively. Conclusions Glucagon had a positive effect on bone metabolism. The concentrations of the three BTMs increased as glucagon concentrations rose. This implied that glucagon might speed up skeletal remodelling, accelerate osteogenesis, and promote the formation of mature bone tissue. At the same time, the osteoclastic process was also accelerated, providing raw materials for osteogenesis to preserve the dynamic balance. In view of the successful use of single‐molecule as well as dual/triple agonists, it would be feasible to develop a preparation that would reduce osteoporosis in diabetic patients.
Background The interrelation between glucose and bone metabolism is complex and has not been fully revealed. This study aimed to investigate the association between insulin resistance, β-cell function and bone turnover biomarker levels among participants with abnormal glycometabolism. Methods A total of 5277 subjects were involved through a cross-sectional study (METAL study, http://www.chictr.org.cn , ChiCTR1800017573) in Shanghai, China. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell dysfunction (HOMA-%β) were applied to elucidate the nexus between β-C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX), intact N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) and osteocalcin (OC). β-CTX, OC and P1NP were detected by chemiluminescence. Results HOMA-IR was negatively associated with β-CTX, P1NP and OC (regression coefficient (β) -0.044 (-0.053, -0.035), Q4vsQ1; β -7.340 (-9.130, -5.550), Q4vsQ1 and β -2.885 (-3.357, -2.412), Q4vsQ1, respectively, all P for trend <0.001). HOMA-%β was positively associated with β-CTX, P1NP and OC (β 0.022 (0.014, 0.031), Q4vsQ1; β 6.951 (5.300, 8.602), Q4vsQ1 and β 1.361 (0.921, 1.800), Q4vsQ1, respectively, all P for trend <0.001). Conclusions Our results support that lower bone turnover biomarker (β-CTX, P1NP and OC) levels were associated with a combination of higher prevalence of insulin resistance and worse β-cell function among dysglycemia patients. It is feasible to detect bone turnover in diabetes or hyperglycemia patients to predict the risk of osteoporosis and fracture, relieve patients’ pain and reduce the expenses of long-term cure.
Objective
To explore the influences of traditional Chinese medicine pressure ulcer cream and nursing care on wound healing in patients with pressure ulcers.
Methods
The patients (126 cases, 212 wounds) were randomly divided into pressure ulcer cream group (63 cases, 107 wounds) and Mepilex Ag group (63 cases, 105 wounds) 2 groups according to the random number table. The pressure ulcer wounds in each group were scored by pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH) before the treatment and on day 10 and 20 after treatment to compare the therapeutic effects between the two groups.
Results
There was no significant difference between 2 groups of patients with pressure ulcer in before the treatment on the PUSH score (t=-0.59, P>0.05) , and on day 20 after treatment, pressure ulcer cream group was better than that of Mepilex Ag group (t=-2.65, P< 0.01) .
Conclusions
Traditional Chinese medicine pressure ulcer cream in the treatment of Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ stage of pressure ulcer speeding up wound healing, with superior therapeutic efficacy to that of Mepilex on the 20 day after treatment.
Key words:
Nursing care; Pressure ulcer; Pressure ulcer scale for healing; Wound healing; Traditional Chinese medicine pressure ulcer cream
Objective: Little is known about whether diabetic dyslipidaemia contributes to increased bone fragility in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to explore the potential effects of dyslipidaemia on vitamin D and bone metabolism in elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: A total of 1479 male patients and 1356 female patients 50 years or older with T2D were included in Shanghai, China. Lipid profiles, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), β-C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX) and other parameters were measured. Principal component regression (PCR) and mediation analysis were used to estimate the associations of lipid profile, 25(OH)D and bone turnover levels. Results: Female patients presented with higher blood lipids, lower 25(OH)D, and higher P1NP and β-CTX levels than male patients with T2D. TC was associated with P1NP in males and females (β=0.056, P < 0.05; β=0.095, P < 0.01, respectively), and 25(OH)D fully mediated the associations in males and mediated approximately 17.89% of the effects in females. LDL-C was associated with P1NP in males and females (β=0.072 and 0.105 respectively, all P < 0.01), and 25(OH)D mediated the relationships approximately 20.83% in males and 14.29% in females. TG was negatively associated with P1NP (in males, β= − 0.063, P < 0.05; in females, β= − 0.100, P < 0.01) and β-CTX (in males, β= − 0.108; in females, β= − 0.128, all P < 0.01) independent of 25(OH)D, while HDL-C was not associated with P1NP or β-CTX in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridaemia might affect bone metabolism by distinguishing pathways in diabetes patients. Ameliorating lipid control in elderly diabetes patients, especially female patients, will benefit both vitamin D and bone metabolism. Plain Language Summary: Diabetic dyslipidaemia may be one of the factors involved in increased bone fragility in diabetes. Currently, there have been few studies regarding the effects of dyslipidaemia on vitamin D and bone metabolism in diabetes. We aimed to explore the potential effects of dyslipidaemia on vitamin D and bone metabolism in elderly subjects with T2D. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 2835 adult T2D patients 50 years or older in Shanghai, China. Our study revealed that high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides might have detrimental effects on vitamin D metabolism and bone turnover by distinguishing pathways in elderly patients with T2D, and discrepancies exist between male and female patients. Ameliorating lipid control in elderly diabetes patients, especially female patients, will benefit both vitamin D and bone metabolism. Keywords: type 2 diabetes, elderly patients, lipid profile, vitamin D, bone turnover markers
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