The aim of this study was to examine a combination of maternal risk factors, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), uterine artery Doppler and ophthalmic artery Doppler for pre-eclampsia (PE) prediction during the second trimester of pregnancy. Prospective cohort study with 439 singleton pregnancies underwent Doppler study of uterine arteries and maternal ophthalmic artery. The examinations were performed between 18 and 22 weeks gestation and the pregnancies were followed until the delivery. The outcomes were: unaffected, PE, gestational hypertension (GH) and small for gestational age (SGA) newborns. Univariate and logistic regression analysis were used to derive algorithms for the prediction of hypertensive disorders. Complete pregnancy outcomes were available in 415/439 (94.5%) cases. PE complicated 40 (9.6%) pregnancies, 23 (5.5%) developed GH, 43 (10.3%) delivered SGA newborns with no hypertensive disorders and 309 (74.4%) were unaffected by PE, GH or SGA. The maternal factors associated with PE were nulliparity (p = 0.005), previous history of PE and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001). Among the biophysical markers, MAP (p < 0.001) and uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) (p < 0.001) were associated with PE. The peak ratio (PR) of the ophthalmic artery was increased in PE when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The detection rate for PE was 45% for a FPR of 10%, obtained by combining the maternal factors, MAP, uterine arteries PI and ophthalmic artery PR. The efficiency of ophthalmic artery Doppler in the second trimester as a predictive marker for the later development of PE was modest when this was incorporated to a multiparametric algorithm. Although this finding do not support the addition of ophthalmic blood flow analysis in multiparametric predictive models for PE, they do provide novel insights into maternal systemic vascular changes that precede the clinical development of this condition.
To summarise the current evidence examining ultrasound (US) guidance during embryo transfer (ET). Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs examining the effect of US guidance during ET. Only studies that used the same type of catheter in both arms were included. No restriction for publication status or language was applied. Quality of the evidence was evaluated following the GRADE criteria. 18 studies were included; a summary of the findings is presented in the table. US guidance for ET improves live birth/ongoing pregnancy and clinical pregnancy when compared to clinical touch; there is no evidence of difference on miscarriage. Regarding the comparison of histerosonometry before ET and TA-US guidance, there is no evidence of difference between the 2 techniques and both should be considered acceptable. More studies are needed before drawing any conclusions regarding the TV-US guidance.
To identify and appraise evidence regarding the use of follicular flushing during oocyte retrieval in women undergoing assisted reproduction. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oocyte retrieval after controlled ovarian stimulation with and without follicular flushing. The outcomes were live birth/ongoing pregnancy (LB/OP), number of oocytes retrieved (OOCYTES), and procedure duration. The quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool; and the quality of the evidence according to GRADE criteria. The electronic search was last run in 01-Apr-2016 in PubMed and Scopus and returned 680 records. From those, 8 studies encompassing 750 women were included. No study reported all the 3 outcomes evaluated. There was no evidence of a difference on LB/OP or on OOCYTES, evidence of moderate quality (see figure). Follicular flushing is however associated with an increase in the procedure duration: mean difference 5.3 min, 95%CI 3.45-7.14, P < 0.0001, 6 RCTs, 688 women, I2 = 89%, moderate quality evidence. Supporting information can be found in the online version of this abstract Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Endothelial impairment evaluation by sonographic measurement of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) has become broadly used. However, this method has 2 main caveats: the dilatation depends on the baseline arterial diameter, and a high precision level is required. Vasodilatation leads to an amplified fall in impedance. We hypothesized that assessment of the pulsatility index change (PI-C) 1 minute after 5-minute forearm compression might evaluate that fall in impedance. The aim of this study was to compare the PI-C with FMD.Flow-mediated dilatation and the PI-C were assessed in 51 healthy women aged between 35.1 and 67.1 years. We correlated both FMD and the PI-C with age, body mass index, waist circumference, cholesterol level, high-density lipoprotein level, glucose level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, brachial artery diameter, simplified Framingham score, intima-media thickness, and carotid stiffness index. Intraclass correlation coefficients between 2 FMD and PI-C measurements were also examined.Only FMD correlated with baseline brachial diameter (r = -0.53). The PI-C had a high correlation with age, body mass index, waist circumference, cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, simplified Framingham score, and intima-media thickness. The correlation between FMD and the PI-C was high (r = -0.66). The PI-C had a higher intraclass correlation coefficient (0.991) than FMD (0.836) but not brachial artery diameter (0.989).The PI-C had a large correlation with various markers of cardiovascular risk. Additionally, PI-C measurement does not require offline analysis, extra software, or electrocardiography. We think that the PI-C could be considered a marker of endothelial function. However, more studies are required before further conclusions.
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To compare the effectiveness and safety of IMSI and ICSI in couples undergoing ART.
Objective Analyse venous haemodynamics in healthy primigravidae during pregnancy and in the postpartum. Methods Cohort with primigravidae evaluated in the three trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum. Duplex evaluated venous diameters and reflux; air plethysmography evaluated venous filling index, ejection fraction, residual volume fraction and outflow fraction in both limbs. Results During pregnancy, diameters increased in bilateral common femoral and right infravalvar great saphenous, but returned to first trimester values after delivery. Reflux developed in one woman (5%) in the second trimester and in two more women (15%) in the third trimester. No reflux was detected in postpartum. Bilateral venous filling index was higher during pregnancy. Bilateral ejection fraction and residual volume fraction did not change. Bilateral outflow fraction increased progressively. The right limb outflow fraction in left lateral decubitus was similar. All changes returned to first trimester values after delivery. Conclusions Healthy primigravidae presented changes in lower limbs' veins during pregnancy: diameters in bilateral common femoral and infravalvar great saphenous veins increased; new reflux was developed in 15% of women, but there was no venous hypertension. Calf muscular pump function did not change. All changes returned to first trimester values after delivery.
CONTEXTO: As hepatites virais constituem doença de notificação compulsória e apresentam grande importância em nosso meio devido à elevada prevalência. OBJETIVO: Comparar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos confirmados de hepatites B e C notificados no Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, no período entre janeiro de 2004 e abril de 2007. MATERIAL: Os resultados foram analisados através do teste do qui ao quadrado. RESULTADOS: Observou-se 112 casos confirmados de hepatite B e 651 de hepatite C. Houve predominância do sexo masculino dentre os casos de hepatite B e do sexo feminino entre os de hepatite C, com significância estatística. A faixa etária mais frequente foi de 30 a 39 anos, considerando-se hepatite B (P<0,01) e 40 a 49 anos para hepatite C (P = 0,49). A astenia foi o sintoma mais relatado. Os fatores de risco predominantes foram: doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (hepatite B; P<0,01), tratamento cirúrgico e transfusão de sangue (hepatite C; P<0,01). A confirmação por critério laboratorial foi predominante e quanto à forma clínica, observou-se evolução para hepatite crônica em 54,5% e 81,7% dos casos, respectivamente para hepatite B e C (P<0,01). A transmissão do vírus B ocorreu predominantemente por via sexual (P<0,01), enquanto o vírus C foi predominantemente transmitido por transfusão (P<0,01). CONCLUSÕES: Os dados referentes ao perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes foram semelhantes aos disponíveis na literatura nacional e internacional. Ressalta-se a importância da vigilância epidemiológica na determinação do perfil das hepatites virais, permitindo que se estabeleçam propostas adequadas de prevenção e rastreamento.