To explore the cerebral metabolic patterns of cerebral palsy (CP) patients without structural abnormalities by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, we evaluated 18 F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET) imaging features in patients. Thirty-one children with CP [Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels II-V] showing no structural abnormalities by MRI were enrolled in this study. Regional glucose metabolic activity values were calculated using Scenium software and compared between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. These comparisons revealed asymmetric metabolic reductions in the central region, cerebellum, frontal lobe, and parietal lobe ( p < 0.01). We next determined whether averaged brain metabolic activity values in different brain regions correlated with GMFCS levels. The metabolic activity values of basal ganglia, left temporal lobe, and cerebellum correlated negatively with GMFCS scores (all p < 0.05). This method was applied to the left cerebellum, which showed higher metabolic activity values than those in the right cerebellum in most patients (83.8%), and these values also correlated negatively with GMFCS scores (Spearman's r = −0.36, p = 0.01). Differential cortical glucose metabolism by 18 F-FDG PET, may help to distinguish between different CP diagnoses that are not detected by MRI.
Objective To evaluate the influence of hepatitis B surface antigen positive or antihepatitis B core positive donors on HBV allograft re-infection or de novo hepatitis B and recipients and grafts survival after liver transplantation.Methods Between June 2004 and December 2011,510 liver transplants were performed at our department while 387 patients were followed up.Among them,9 patients received hepatitis B surface antigen positive grafts,50 patients received anti-hepatitis B core positive grafts,and 328 patients received HBV marks negative grafts.The rate of HBV allograft reinfection or de novo hepatitis B and accumulative recipients as well as grafts survival were compared.Results All recipients with hepatitis B surface antigen positive donors remained hepatitis B surface antigen carriers after operation.HBV allograft re-infection occurred in one recipient of anti-hepatitis B core positive donor group. Five recipients with HBV marks negative donors appeared hepatitis B surface antigen positive,including two cases of Lamivudine resistance leading to HBV allograft reinfection and three cases of de novo hepatitis B from non-related diseases. The 1-,3-,5-year accumulative survival rate in anti-hepatitis B core positive grafts group,hepatitis B surface antigen positive grafts group and HBV marks negative grafts group was 100％,86％,43％; 87％,79％,57％; and 87％,80％,79％,respectively (Log-rank =1.287,P =0.525).And the 1-,3-,5-year accumulative grafts survival rate in these three groups was 100％,86％,43％; 85％,77％,56％;and 86％,79％,77％,respectively (Log rank=1.288,P =0.525).During the follow-up period,no graft loss or death was found to be related to the HBV allograft re-infection or de novo hepatitis B.Conclusion Liver grafts from anti-hepatitis B core positive donors do not increase the risk of graft loss or recipient death due to HBV allograft re-infection or de novo hepatitis B under effective antiviral therapy.Hepatitis B surface antigen positive donors are feasible to save lives or prolong life in emergency situation.
Key words:
Liver transplantation; Tissue donors; Hepatitis B surface antigen; Anti hepatitis B core positive
This study aimed to establish a predictive model of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), which relied on a combination of machine learning approach and imaging features covering Liver Imaging and Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) features.The retrospective study included 279 patients with surgery who underwent preoperative enhanced CT. They were randomly allocated to training set, validation set, and test set (167 patients vs. 56 patients vs. 56 patients, respectively). Significant imaging findings for predicting MVI were identified through the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) logistic regression method. Predictive models were performed by machine learning algorithm, support vector machine (SVM), in the training set and validation set, and evaluated in the test set. Further, a combined model adding clinical findings to the radiologic model was developed. Based on the LI-RADS category, subgroup analyses were conducted.We included 116 patients with MVI which were diagnosed through pathological confirmation. Six imaging features were selected about MVI prediction: four LI-RADS features (corona enhancement, enhancing capsule, non-rim aterial phase hyperehancement, tumor size) and two non-LI-RADS features (internal arteries, non-smooth tumor margin). The radiological feature with the best accuracy was corona enhancement followed by internal arteries and tumor size. The accuracies of the radiological model and combined model were 0.725-0.714 and 0.802-0.732 in the training set, validation set, and test set, respectively. In the LR-4/5 subgroup, a sensitivity of 100% and an NPV of 100% were obtained by the high-sensitivity threshold. A specificity of 100% and a PPV of 100% were acquired through the high specificity threshold in the LR-M subgroup.A combination of LI-RADS features and non-LI-RADS features and serum alpha-fetoprotein value could be applied as a preoperative biomarker for predicting MVI by the machine learning approach. Furthermore, its good performance in the subgroup by LI-RADS category may help optimize the management of HCC patients.
2D materials with atomically thin nature are promising to develop scaled transistors and enable the extreme miniaturization of electronic components. However, batch manufacturing of top-gate 2D transistors remains a challenge since gate dielectrics or gate electrodes transferred from 2D material easily peel away as gate pitch decreases to the nanometer scale during lift-off processes. In this study, an oxidation-assisted etching technique is developed for batch manufacturing of nanopatterned high-κ/metal gate (HKMG) stacks on 2D materials. This strategy produces nano-pitch self-oxidized Al
Abstract: Burkitt lymphoma is a highly invasive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Sporadic Burkitt’s lymphoma is commonly found in the abdomen. However, Burkitt lymphoma infiltrating the uterus is uncommon in occurrence. We report the results of 18 F-FDG PET/CT examination of a 36-year-old woman. The report indicates that in addition to the strong uptake of FDG imaging agent in the uterus, bilateral cervical and abdominal lymph nodes also have strong activity. At the same time, it was also found that bilateral small breast nodules, sacral canal and multiple bones in the whole body showed a radiation uptake pattern similar to that of the uterus. 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging can help determine the extent of the disease and the affected body area, which is helpful to guide the treatment decision. This case report shows the application of 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis, staging and post-treatment evaluation of Burkitt lymphoma of the uterus. It provides very useful information for clinicians and helps to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment effect. Keywords: uterine, Burkitt lymphoma, case report, PET/CT, bone involvement
Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) structures composed of atomically thin materials with high carrier mobility have been studied as candidates for future transistors 1–4 . However, owing to the unavailability of suitable high-quality dielectrics, 2D field-effect transistors (FETs) cannot attain the full theoretical potential and advantages despite their superior physical and electrical properties 3,5,6 . Here we demonstrate the fabrication of atomically thin single-crystalline Al 2 O 3 (c-Al 2 O 3 ) as a high-quality top-gate dielectric in 2D FETs. By using intercalative oxidation techniques, a stable, stoichiometric and atomically thin c-Al 2 O 3 layer with a thickness of 1.25 nm is formed on the single-crystalline Al surface at room temperature. Owing to the favourable crystalline structure and well-defined interfaces, the gate leakage current, interface state density and dielectric strength of c-Al 2 O 3 meet the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems requirements 3,5,7 . Through a one-step transfer process consisting of the source, drain, dielectric materials and gate, we achieve top-gate MoS 2 FETs characterized by a steep subthreshold swing of 61 mV dec −1 , high on/off current ratio of 10 8 and very small hysteresis of 10 mV. This technique and material demonstrate the possibility of producing high-quality single-crystalline oxides suitable for integration into fully scalable advanced 2D FETs, including negative capacitance transistors and spin transistors.
To evaluate the influence of sirolimus on the long-term survival of patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Clinic data of 165 consecutive patients who underwent OLT for HCC from February 2005 to March 2012 was analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 94 patients were treated with a sirolimus-based immunosuppressive protocol after OLT, while the other 71 patients with a FK506-based protocol. Postoperative survival time, survival, disease-free survival (DFS) and tumor recurrence rates between the two groups were compared.The 2 groups were comparable in all clinicopathologic parameters. The sirolimus-based group had higher patient survival rates than the control group at 1-year (87% vs. 97%, P = 0.03), 2-year (80% vs. 88%), 3-year (76% vs. 85%) and 5-year (63% vs. 75%). The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 5-year recurrence rates were 12% vs. 3%, 17% vs. 9%, 21% vs. 9% (P = 0.04) and 31% vs. 16% (P = 0.03). Early and mid-HCC (I - II stage) of 131 cases (control group 61 cases, sirolimus-based group of 70 patients). The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 90% vs. 97% , 80% vs. 90%, 78% vs. 86% and 65% vs. 82% (P = 0.04) and recurrence rates were 10% vs. 3%, 16% vs. 8%, 18% vs. 8% and 29% vs. 11% (P = 0.01).The sirolimus-based immunosuppressive protocol reduce long-term postoperative recurrence rate and improve the survival rate of patients after OLT for HCC significantly (especially early-mid HCC).
To develop a HBV infection mouse model by hydrodynamic-based transfection and further to optimize the method of development of HBV infection mouse model. We first developed a construct which contained inverted terminal repeat elements (ITR) of adeno-associated virus (AAV) and 1. 3 copies of HBV genome (ayw subtype). The pAAV-HBV1. 3 DNA was then injected hydrodynamically into the tail veins of C57BL/6 mice in 5 seconds. The virus load in serum and liver was assayed by ELISA and Real-time PCR. The expression of virus antigen and the pathologic changes of liver were analyzed by HE and immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, to develop HBV transfected immunosuppressied mouse, mice were injected intraperitoneally triple with 0.2 ml dexamethason (50 mg/kg) every two days before HBV transfection. The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg were assayed by ELISA. Our data showed: (1) HBsAg and HBeAg were positive (100%) in serum and liver of experimental normal mouse at day 10 after HBV transfection, and became negative at day 30 and day 60. Meanwhile the viral load in serum and liver in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group at day 10, 30 and 60 after HBV transfection (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). (2) HBsAg and HBeAg in serum in immunosuppressed mouse model were positive until 60 days. In conclusion, a HBV infection mouse model was developed successfully by hydrodynamic-based transfection. By suppressing the immune status of mice injected with dexamethasone, the expression of HBV antigens was extended longer than that in normal adult mice. These models pave a way for HBV research and evaluation of HBV vaccine and drug development.
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