This study included the patients presenting with neuroendocrine tumours (NET) and the clinical picture of hypercoticism caused by excessive ACTH secretion from the tumour. The overwhelming majority of the patients (85%) suffered Cushing's disease (CD) associated with a pituitary tumour. The remaining 15% of the patients presented with ACTH-ectopic syndrome (ACTH-ES). The clinical picture of CD and ACTH-ES was very similar. The latter condition was associated with the higher plasma ACTH and cortisol levels as well as the free cortisol content in 24 hour urine and saliva samples collected in the evening compared with CD even though the differences were insignificant due to data scattering. Decompressin administration and catheterization of inferior petrosal sinuses caused a much greater enhancement of the ACTH level in the patients with CS in comparison with those suffering ASTH-ES.
Venogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) is 20 to 60 % of all causes of erection problems. In most cases, the choice of surgical treatments depends on the degree and pattern of vascular disorders in the genesis of ED. The authors use the alternative treatment procedure X-ray endovascular occlusion of veins in the prostatic plexus. There is a significant improvement in the quality of erection in the first 3 months after surgery. The application of this innovative technology permits safe, mini-invasive and pathogenetically sound treatment for ED caused by abnormal venous drainage from the cavernous bodies.
Introduction. Critical limb ischemia (CLI) occurs approximately 20 times more frequently among diabetic patients. Frequency of amputations is higher too. Main treatment goal in these situations is in reconstruction of arterial blood flow with bypass surgery or endovascular interventions. Nevertheless, long-term prognosis of survival, limb preservation and life quality among Russian patients that underwent this therapy remains unclear, as well as influencing risk factors.The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term prognosis in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) after peripheral angioplasty with active and nonactive follow-up period.Methods. 81 diabetic patients with CLI underwent PTA in 88 limbs. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group A (n = 51) – with active follow up (FU) period (visits every 3-6 months during 5 years) and group B (n = 30) - without active FU period (the second visit in our center was performed in 5 years after PTA). Diagnosis and treatment of CLI were based on recommendation of TASC II. The primary outcome was cumulative survival, secondary outcome were cases of repeat PTA and major amputations (MA) after 5 years after surgery.Results. Only 44 (86%) patients from group A finished FU period. There were 37 (46%) men, with mean age 64,1[54-68] years, mean HbA1c 7,9±1,4%, mean duration of diabetes 16,5[0,8-43] years, diabetes type 1/2 - 8/73 (90% of type 2). 82% had arterial hypertension, 5% - strokes, 18,5% - myocardial infarction. Chronical kidney disease of stage 1-2 was detected in 55,5%, stage 3-5 – in 30,8%. Anemia was diagnosed in 67,5%, arrhythmias – in 7,4%. 49,3% of patients suffered from diabetic retinopathy. Patients from both groups were comparable in comorbidities, severity of lower limb artery obstruction’s and degree of tissue damage (p<0,05): peripheral arterial disease (PAD) 4-6 classes according Graziani classification in both groups was in 75(93%) cases; Rutherford classification in both groups: 4 category-12(15%), 5category in 43(53%), and 6 category in 29(31%) patients. Repeat PTA was performed in group A in 15 (35%), in group B in 5(16%) cases. There were major amputations in groups: A-4(9%) vs group B – 4(12%) (log-rank, p<0,05). Cumulative survival in groups: A-80%, in group B-67%. (log-rank, p<0,05).Conclusion. CLI in diabetic patients is accompanied by different complications and is characterized by severe morphological lesions of the lower limbs arteries and soft tissue lesions. Active FU period have advantages in diabetic patients with CLI after PTA: timely done reinterventions with decrease the risk of major amputations and cumulative survival.
Москва Неуклонный рост пациентов с синдромом диабетической стопы диктует необходимость качественно нового подхода к выбору стратегии комплексного хирургического лечения этой группы больных. До недавнего времени специализированная хирургическая помощь пациентам с гнойно-некротической стадией синдрома диабетической стопы заключалась в выполнении высоких ампутаций нижних конечностей, как правило, на уровне средней трети бедра, особенно при сочетании трофических изменений в тканях стопы с окклюзионно-стенотическим поражением магистральных артерий нижних конечностей. Однако внедрение принципов активного хирургического лечения гнойных ран, а также совершенствование методов эндоваскулярной хирургии позволяют сегодня стремиться к выполнению органосохраняющих операций у пациентов с синдромом диабетической стопы, осложненном гнойной инфекцией. За период 2006-2009гг. под нашим наблюдением находилось 78 пациентов с нейроишемической формой синдрома диабетической стопы (36 мужчин, 42 женщины). Средний возраст больных - 58,6±8,3 года. Объем поражения тканей стопы оценивался по классификации Wagner: 2-я стадия поражения стопы отмечалась у 7 (9,0%) пациентов, 3-я – у 22 (28,2%), 4-я – у 49 (62,8%), пациенты с 5-ой степенью поражения исключались из исследования в силу невозможности сохранения стопы. Влажный характер гнойно-некротического процесса наблюдался у 36 (46,2%) больных. Пациенты с сахарным диабетом 1 типа составили 14 (17,9%) человек. Среди сопутствующих осложнений у 47 пациентов отмечалось наличие диабетической ретинопатии, у 52 – диабетической нефропатии. В возрастной группе 50-75 лет отмечалось наличие сопутствующих ИБС, артериальной гипертензии, остаточных явлений ОНМК, язвенной болезни желудка. Обследование больных включало общеклинические, биохимические, бактериологические, морфологические, инструментальные методы диагностики (TcPO