Background Advancements in information technology have been instrumental in successful recent developments in telemonitoring systems. In this regard, there is a lack of development of valid and reliable tools to determine the requirements and applications of telemonitoring systems used to provide health care for frail elderly people living at home, specifically in a national setting. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2018. The statistical population was 15 geriatric and gerontology professionals and 15 health information management experts. Then, content validity ratio (CVR), Cronbach's alpha, and correlation coefficient were calculated for measuring content validity, internal consistency and external reliability (through the test–retest method) respectively. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. Results Based on the identified items, a draft questionnaire was developed. Using the validity analysis in two stages, 37 items were removed, and 60 items were approved as the essential system requirements. The final questionnaire was organized into five sections with content validity index 99% and internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.9). Furthermore, the external reliability results of the questionnaire showed that this instrument has a desirable correlation coefficient ( r = 0.85, p-value<0.05). Conclusion Considering the desirable validity and reliability of the questionnaire developed, it is recommended to telemonitoring system designers to determine the usages and requirements of health monitoring systems for frail elderly people living at home. The verified instrument is suitable for use in countries with the same living conditions and level of development as Iran.
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Considering the restricted and enclosed nature of prisons and closed environments and the prolonged and close contact between individuals, COVID-19 is more likely to have a higher incidence in these settings. This study aims to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 among prisoners.
Introduction Telemedicine services saw substantial surges in their use during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the lockdowns and characteristics of the pandemic. Therefore, the authors aimed to systematically review the telemedicine services provided during the COVID-19 pandemic and their potential applications. Methods The authors searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases on September 14, 2021. Then, the retrieved records underwent two-step title/abstract and full-text screening processes, and the eligible articles were included for qualitative synthesis. Results The review of studies demonstrated that the telephone is listed 38 times, making it the most common technology used in telemedicine. Video conferencing is also mentioned in 29 articles, as well as other technologies: Mobile-health ( n = 15), Virtual reality ( n = 7). According to the findings of the present study, Tele-follow-up ( n = 24), Tele-consulting ( n = 20), Virtual visits (20), and Tele-monitoring ( n = 18) were the most widely used telemedicine applications. Conclusion Telemedicine has been an effective approach to COVID-19 management. Telemedicine technology is going to play a key role in the future of health medicine, patient consultation, and many other extended applications of health care in remote rural locations.
Introduction/Objective: Although the COVID-19 pandemic primarily affected human health and medicine, it has also had positive and negative impacts on various aspects of life. Hence, this research aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on lifestyle behaviors. Methods: The current research was a review conducted in 2023. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched using standard keywords. Related articles were included in the study after qualitative review and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and data were extracted. Results: In the current research, 32 articles were included. Most reviewed studies referred to decreased physical activity (78.12%), unhealthy dietary habits (65.62%), and sleep disturbance (56.25), as the most affected lifestyle behaviors following the COVID-19 situation. Among the age groups, the 18-89-year-old group reported more smoking and alcohol consumption than the other groups, and the 1-21-year-old group reported the least smoking and alcohol consumption. Also, the age groups of 1 to 21 years and 18 to 69 years reported psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, and stress, compared to other age groups. There has been a relationship between overweight and reduced physical activity, increased consumption of fast food and sweets, and also between decreased income and increased mental problems, increased consumption of cigarettes and alcoholic beverages, and decreased consumption of fruits and vegetables. Conclusion: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people's lifestyles, which can negatively affect overall health and well-being. The combination of reduced physical activity, unhealthy eating habits, and poor sleep has become a common consequence of the pandemic. By recognizing the potential negative impacts of reduced physical activity, unhealthy eating habits, and poor sleep, individuals can take steps to mitigate these effects.
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Healthcare data are very sensitive records that should not be made available to unauthorized people in order for protecting patient's information security. However, in progressed technologies as cloud computing which are vulnerable to cyber gaps that pose an adverse impact on the security and privacy of patients’ electronic health records and in these situations, security challenges of the wireless networks need to be carefully understood and considered. Recently, security concerns in cloud computing environment are a matter of challenge with rising importance.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> In this study a systematic review to investigate the security challenges in cloud computing was carried out. We focused mainly on healthcare cloud computing security with an organized review of 210 full text articles published between 2000 and 2015.</p><p><strong>METHOD:</strong> A systematic literature review was conducted including PubMed, Science direct, Embase, ProQuest, Web of science, Cochrane, Emerald, and Scopus databases.</p><p><strong>FINDINGS:</strong> Using the strategies described, 666 references retrieved (for research question one 365, research question two 201, and research question three 100 references).</p><p><strong>IMPROVEMENTS:</strong> Review of articles showed that for ensuring healthcare data security, it is important to provide authentication, authorization and access control within cloud's virtualized network. Issues such as identity management and access control, Internet-based access, authentication and authorization and cybercriminals are major concerns in healthcare cloud computing. To manage these issues<strong> </strong>many involved events such as Hybrid Execution Model, VCC-SSF, sHype Hypervisor Security Architecture, Identity Management, and Resource Isolation approaches<em> </em>have to be defined for using cloud computing threat management processes.</p>
Objectives: Telehealth management systems for elderly people should have the features, capabilities, and infrastructure that meet home care managementchr('39')s diverse needs. Since there is no valid and reliable questionnaire to determine these requirements, this studychr('39')s primary purpose was to determine a telehealth monitoring systemchr('39')s requirements for the elderly and present it as a valid and reliable questionnaire. Methods & Materials: This study was descriptive-analytical and performed in 2019. The items for the Questionnaire were obtained from a systematic review study. To review, the selected keywords such as elderly, home care, telecare, telehealth, and information technology from 2013 to October 2019 were searched on selected databases. Results: Based on the studychr('39')s findings, the parameters, and requirements of a telehealth monitoring system for the elderly were identified in 97 items. Furthermore, the first 31 items of the questionnaire were removed due to low validity and reliability. In the next phase, the final questionnaire with 66 items, content validity ratio of 99%, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient (0.9) and desirable correlation coefficient (r=0.85, p<0.05) were designed. Conclusion: In this study, the requirements of a telehealth monitoring system for the elderly were determined, and a valid and reliable questionnaire was developed using these requirements. The questionnaire was designed in five parts: applications, functional requirements, non-functional requirements, tools, and communication infrastructure. Health care system designers may use the study results to determine the applications and requirements of elderly health monitoring systems.
Controversies existed regarding the duration of COVID-19 vaccines' protection and whether receiving the usual vaccine doses would be sufficient for long-term immunity. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the studies regarding the COVID-19 vaccines' protection three months after getting fully vaccinated and assess the need for vaccine booster doses.The relevant literature was searched using a combination of keywords on the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane on September 17th, 2021. The records were downloaded and the duplicates were removed. Then, the records were evaluated in a two-step process, consisting of title/abstract and full-text screening processes, and the eligible records were selected for the qualitative synthesis. We only included original studies that evaluated the efficacy and immunity of COVID-19 vaccines three months after full vaccination. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement to ensure the reliability of results.Out of the 797 retrieved records, 12 studies were included, 10 on mRNA-based vaccines and two on inactivated vaccines. The majority of included studies observed acceptable antibody titers in most of the participants even after 6 months; however,it appeared that the titers could also decrease in a considerable portion of people. Due to the reduction in antibody titers and vaccine protection, several studies suggested administering the booster dose, especially for older patients and those with underlying conditions, such as patients with immunodeficiencies.Studies indicated that vaccine immunity decreases over time, making people more susceptible to contracting the disease. Besides, new variants are emerging, and the omicron variant is continuing to spread and escape from the immune system, indicating the importance of a booster dose.
Introduction: Nowadays, telemental health service is one of the most popular and the most successful telemedicine applications. Because of its simplicity and widespread usage of this technology, telemedicine have the largest share of data and can improve coordination between physical and behavioral health services. The purpose of using telemental health services is to provide affordable health services to patient and to improve impacts of unfair distribution of mental health care professionals.
Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013. Data collection was performed using a researcher- made questionnaire that its validity and its reliability was confirmed by experts’ opinion and test- retest respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.v17 software and descriptive statistics.
Results: The results showed that the students' awareness of concepts and applications of telemedicine in the health sector was moderate. In the sector of telemental health care effect, the most and least mean related to decrease in patients’ waiting time (3.5) and be a proper substitute for mental health care instead of physical examination (2.6), respectively .The most mean (2.8) of awareness about telemental health technology related to students of Azad Islamic university and the least one (2.3) belong to students of medical university. All of the participants had a positive attitude toward using remote mental health services as an effective and efficient treatment and also they believed that, remote mental health services act as a reliable and proper substitute for providing mental health care in difficult situations.
Conclusion: Despite the positive attitude toward using this technology, still questions about the effectiveness and efficiency of the procedure is controversial issue and to answer the question, Can does this technology be replaced permanently with the face to face treatment? More researches are needed.
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