The accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is widely recognized to stimulate the development of osteoclasts, a crucial factor in the onset of osteoporosis. The ROS scavenging capability of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) is exceptional, and they possess excellent biocompatibility. However, the effects of PBNPs on osteoporosis remain unknown. Present study aimed to investigate whether PBNPs could inhibit osteoclast differentiation and prevent ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss by suppressing ROS. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PBNPs attenuated osteoclastogenesis and downregulated the expression of osteoclast-related genes. Mechanistically, PBNPs reduce cellular ROS by blocking RANKL-induced ROS generation and increasing the expression of ROS scavenging enzymes, which in turn block the NF-κB, ERK, JNK, and p38 pathways, thereby reducing NFATc1 signaling. According to in vivo experimental results, OVX caused a significant rise in ROS in the bone marrow, an increase in osteoclastic number on the bone surface, and substantial bone loss; however, PBNPs significantly reduced ROS and successfully protected OVX-induced bone damages. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that PBNPs prevented OVX-induced bone loss and attenuate osteoclastogenesis, indicating that PBNPs may be a viable alternative therapy for the management of osteoclast-associated bone disorders.
Converter valve is the key equipment in HVDC project, and its performance has a tremendous influence on the reliability, stability and efficiency of the whole power system. Thyristor level unit is the basic unit of HVDC converter valve, so each thyristor level unit needs to be tested routinely before the operation of the power system, which results in huge workloads and high costs. At present, there is no specific test scheme for thyristor level unit with thyristor control unit (TCU). Therefore, it is particularly important to systematically establish the test methods for thyristor level with TCU in order to improve the security and offer technical support for operation and maintenance of converter valve. In this paper, based on the analysis of the electrical principle of the thyristor level unit and IEC 60700-1-2008, the contents and method of routine test for thyristor level unit with TCU are presented, and subsequently adopted in a practical HVDC project to verify its rationality and validity.
A new single-nucleotide mutation associated with schizophreniaThe effect of SNP rs362719 on allele distribution was significant in female (P < 0.05) but not in male participants (P = 0.473).Besides the gender factor, demographic and clinical characteristics of the rs362719 genotype groups were also analyzed using the chi-square test, but no significant differences were found.We conclude that rs362719 of the RELN gene is associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia in Chinese Han, possibly through a gender-specific mechanism.Further studies will be needed to confirm this genetic risk factor for schizophrenia.
In situ wetting–drying cycles significantly and repeatedly influence the soil water content in the active zone but not in the steady zone. To investigate effects of in situ wetting–drying cycles on the mechanical behaviour of intact loess, a series of pressure plate tests was carried out with an intact loess sampled from the active and steady zones. Results show that the specimens from the steady zone have higher yield stresses at given suctions and a larger inclination of normalized loading collapse (LC) curve than the specimens from the active zone. As evidenced by the scanning electron microscopy results, the clay particles accumulating around the contacts between silt particles are widely observed in the former specimens but not in the latter specimens. The distribution of clay particles in the former specimens results in a stabilized skeleton with mechanical properties sensitive to suction variations. On the other hand, the maximum collapse potential of the specimen from the steady zone is 37% larger than that of the specimen from the active zone, mainly because of the larger inclination of normalized LC curve owned by the former specimen.
Dual active bridge (DAB) converter using SiC devices can transfer power of tens to hundreds of kilowatts. To evaluate the performance and loss of the converter, pumpback is used under laboratory conditions, where capacity of distribution box is limited. In this paper, the mechanism of the pumpback line current fluctuation is analyzed for the first time. A simplified circuit model is established, which reveals that the line inductance is the major influence factor of the fluctuation. Finally, this paper gives some advice on the choice of the line inductance value. A 100 kW DAB converter is established. Simulation and experiment results prove the validity of the analysis.
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