In the last few years, a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, mostly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), MDR-mycobacterium tuberculosis, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, has been reported globally. Infections caused by MDR bacteria are difficult to treat and eradicate as they develop resistance by employing novel mechanisms against antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents. Based on the current rate of antibiotic production and approvals by medical regulatory agencies, it is anticipated that approximately ten million people could die annually due to MDR pathogens by year 2050. Therefore, alternative materials, such as the nanoparticles (NPs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and small cationic molecules, have been explored to formulate potent antimicrobial agents to replace antibiotics or reduce the burden of antibiotics from patients. Various compositions of NPs such as metallic, inorganic, organic, and lipid have been synthesized to prepare antimicrobial materials. Antibiotics, AMPs, and small molecules have been conjugated on the surface of NPs to enhance their antimicrobial activities and reduce the systemic cytotoxicity. This book chapter addresses the recent approaches, prospects, and challenges of nanotechnological tools for controlling the transmission and emergence of antibiotic-resistance bacteria.