Background Canine gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) is characterized by tissue ischemia, reperfusion, and systemic inflammation. Evidence exists that lidocaine exerts anti-inflammatory properties and potentially improves outcome. Design and setting Prospective, randomized observational cohort study in client-owned dogs with GDV. Objective The primary objective of the study was the determination of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarker concentrations in dogs with GDV with and without intravenous (IV) lidocaine therapy. The second objective was the evaluation of side effects of lidocaine. Methods Of 35 dogs included in the study, 20 dogs were assigned to receive lidocaine (LIDO) (2 mg/kg initially, followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 50 μg/kg/min over 24 h) and 15 dogs not to receive lidocaine (NO-LIDO). Plasma concentrations of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, interferon gamma, keratinocyte chemotactic-like, monocyte chemotactic protein, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at admission (prior any therapeutic intervention, T0), immediately after surgery (T1), at 24 h (T24), and at 48 h (T48) post-surgery. Results No significant differences in concentrations of any cytokines were found between the LIDO- and the NO-LIDO group. Significant lower CRP concentrations (median [range]) were found in dogs with lidocaine compared to dogs without at T24 (97.5 pg/mL [46.3–161.7] vs. 127.9 pg/mL [26.9–182.0]; p = 0.046) and T48 (73.7 pg/mL [18.4–169.4] vs. 116.3 pg/mL [71.4–176.8]; p = 0.002). Dogs receiving lidocaine exhibited significantly impaired mentation, a prolonged period of anorexia, and longer hospitalization compared to dogs without lidocaine. Conclusion Lidocaine administration had no impact on the plasma levels of cytokines during the 48-h study period, but significantly lower CRP concentrations were found at T24 and T48. Lidocaine’s potential side effects require careful decision making regarding its use.
Introduction.Dentists, as an occupational group, are particularly exposed to the high risk of musculoskeletal disorders.Dental students increasingly suffer from pain caused by improper habits and inappropriate attitudes during clinical procedures, already at the stage of pre-graduate work.Aim.To evaluate a pro-healthy awareness among 5th year dental students in the context of ergonomic work.Material and Methods.The survey was conducted between 2017-2019 among 219 dental students of the 5th year at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences.Each participant completed an anonymous questionnaire concerning their position during clinical work, their own observations and knowledge of pro-healthy behaviour.All respondents were divided into two groups according to gender (157 women and 62 men) and a comparative statistical analysis was performed.Results.Already at the stage of pre-diploma clinical work, women are more likely to experience musculoskeletal pain associated with the use of the lateral bend of the torso and neck to improve their field of vision.Moreover, they show much less physical activity than men.Conclusions.Knowledge of the theoretical principles of ergonomic work does not guarantee the correct position at clinical work with the patient.In addition to education and training in ergonomics, appropriate workplace design, rest periods at work and regular physical exercise must be taken into account.Developing the habit of an ergonomic working position during the studies is key to the success in the future dental career.
Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus 1 (TNDM1) is the most common cause of diabetes presenting at birth. Approximately 5% of the cases are due to recessive ZFP57 mutations, causing hypomethylation at the TNDM locus and other imprinted loci (HIL). This has consequences for patient care because it has impact on the phenotype and recurrence risk for families. We have determined the genotype, phenotype, and epigenotype of the first 10 families to alert health professionals to this newly described genetic subgroup of diabetes.The 10 families (14 homozygous/compound heterozygous individuals) with ZFP57 mutations were ascertained through TNDM1 diagnostic testing. ZFP57 was sequenced in probands and their relatives, and the methylation levels at multiple maternally and paternally imprinted loci were determined. Medical and family histories were obtained, and clinical examination was performed.The key clinical features in probands were transient neonatal diabetes, intrauterine growth retardation, macroglossia, heart defects, and developmental delay. However, the finding of two homozygous relatives without diabetes and normal intelligence showed that the phenotype could be very variable. The epigenotype always included total loss of methylation at the TNDM1 locus and reproducible combinations of differential hypomethylation at other maternally imprinted loci, including tissue mosaicism.There is yet no clear genotype-epigenotype-phenotype correlation to explain the variable clinical presentation, and this results in difficulties predicting the prognosis of affected individuals. However, many cases have a more severe phenotype than seen in other causes of TNDM1. Further cases and global epigenetic testing are needed to clarify this.
Regenerative endodontics (RET) refers to biologically based procedures that aim to restore damaged tooth structures and reinstate the pulp-dentine complex to its normal physiological state.The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and practices of endodontists and paediatric dentists regarding RET.A survey was conducted among endodontists and paediatric dentists from 13 countries. A number of factors were evaluated, including frequency of RET application, followed guidelines, disinfection techniques, intracanal medication type, scaffold type, preferred coronal seal material, and follow-up period.Among the 1394 respondents, 853 (61.2%) and 541 (38.8%) were endodontists and paediatric dentists, respectively. Almost half (43%) of participants have not performed RET yet. The American Association of Endodontics guideline (47.3%) was selected as the primary source for the clinical protocol. The most frequently selected irrigant solution was 1.5%-3% NaOCl at the first (26.1%) and second (13.6%) sessions. A blood clot (68.7%) and MTA (61.9%) were the most frequently selected scaffold type and coronal barrier. Most participants preferred a 6-month follow-up period.According to this survey, deviations exist from current RET guidelines regarding all aspects evaluated. Standardizing clinical protocols and adhering to available guidelines would help to ensure more predictable outcomes.
The surface texture of dental restorations has a major influence on plaque accumulation and aesthetical appearance. The study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness of composite resins depending on the varying polishing sequences and applied forces. A total of 60 samples from two composite resins (Boston and Charisma) were polymerized using a lamp with 1200 mW/cm2 intensity and covering celluloid strip. The polishing sequence consisted of 12.6 mm OptiDisc (Kerr) – with increased disc per each subsequent step. Half of the samples were polished at 1N force, with the other half at 2N. The surface roughness examination was performed using a WYKO NT930 (Veeco) optical profilometer. The selected roughness parameters were compared by ANOVA with the significance level α = 0.05. The more complex polishing sequence affected on the composite smoothness. Higher roughness was identified in Charisma samples as compared to Boston. The specimens polished with 2N force contained a slightly rougher surface than those polished with 1N. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Despite the satisfactory visual effect obtained by polishing the composite samples, the profilometric examination revealed the roughness. Finishing is crucial for providing a smooth composite surface, allowing it to function properly in the oral environment.
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