There is an increase in tick-borne diseases in dogs in urban and rural areas in Brazil and some of these are of public health importance. Rhipicephalus sanguineus-transmitted hemoparasitoses are the main causes of mortality in dogs. The present study investigated the molecular occurrence of Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli and Anaplasma platys in dogs with clinical sings and hematological abnormalities suggestive of tick-borne diseases. These dogs were seen at a Veterinary Hospital of a Public University between January 2014 and December 2016, and were evaluated through anamnesis, clinical examination and complementary exams. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect the presence of hemoparasites DNA. From the 461 dogs that were tested for B. vogeli, 10.6% (49/461) were positive, the associated variable was age. Regarding the 730 animals screened for E. canis, 15.1% (110/730) were positive, and the infection was associated with hematocrit and number of platelets. Relative to the 86 samples evaluated for A. platys, 15.1% (13/86) were positive, and no variable presented statistical significance. From the animals positive for B. vogeli, no of these showed positivity by qPCR for Rangelia vitalii. It is concluded that the occurrence of hemoparasitosis in dogs from the Londrina region is common. Therefore, it is emphasized that molecular techniques should be used as an auxiliary tool for the differential diagnosis of the different etiological agents causing hemoparasitosis. Additionally, these molecular tools are essential for better investigation and preventive assertiveness because it allows to detect parasite DNA.
Trichinella spp. are zoonotic parasites that are widely distributed in warm-blooded carnivores and omnivores, including humans. Until the present moment, Brazil has been considered by World Animal Health Organization free from the domestic cycle of trichinellosis, whereas the parasite's sylvatic cycle has the status of infection in limited zones. However, neighboring countries such as Argentina have reports of parasite larvae in the wild fauna. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of Trichinella spp. in road-killed wild animals in Paraná, Brazil. Biological samples from 71 wild animals-29 Didelphis albiventris, 11 Nasua nasua, ten Cerdocyon thous, seven Dasypus novemcinctus, six Leopardus guttulus, six Sphiggurus spinosus and two Puma concolor-collected from November 2016 to November 2021 were subjected to artificial digestion, following the methodology described in the REGULATION (EC) No. 2075/2005. No Trichinella spp. larvae were detected in the carcasses of the road-killed wild animals. However, considering the wide spectrum of possible reservoirs that could act as a link between the sylvatic and domestic cycles and considering the current Brazilian status of sylvatic trichinellosis in limited zones, frequent monitoring of wild fauna remains necessary.
Abstract This study aimed to identify the intestinal parasites of road-killed wild felines in the North Central and North, Paraná state, southern Brazil. The animals were monitored by sampling previously established transects. The places where the felines were run over were mapped, the animals were identified, and the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated. The feces were submitted to coproparasitological techniques of spontaneous sedimentation, floating in hypersaturated NaCl solution and centrifugal floating in zinc sulfate. All the parasitic structures detected were photomicrographed. In the coproparasitological analyses were identified oocysts of Cystoisospora spp., eggs of Ancylostomatidae, and Capillaria spp.; eggs of Aelurostrongylus spp., Toxocara spp., Physaloptera spp., Taenia spp., and Spirometra spp.; Aelurostrongylus abstrusus larvae; and eggs and adults of Ancylostoma cati and Taenia spp. One of the cats was parasitized by a flea of Ctenocephalides felis felis. Based on these results, the animals analyzed in this study supplied important samples for the evaluation of parasitic diversity of North of Paraná and suggested that this region may have conditions that allow the maintenance of these parasites life cycles in the environment and among wildlife.
Dogs are considered the main reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis for humans, which also present a chronic and severe clinical picture when affected. The objective of the present report was to describe a canine visceral leishmaniasis case diagnosed in Londrina, an indene city, and its investigation. A street animal with extensive dermatological lesions, onychogryphosis, mild anemia and leukopenia was attended at a veterinary hospital in Londrina, where positivity was reported for Leishmania spp. in serological tests. Cytology was positive in bone marrow, PCR and parasite culture were positive in skin, spleen, liver, lymph node and bone marrow, and DNA sequencing confirmed the species of the parasite as L. (L.) infantum. The official diagnosis was made by the Central Laboratory of Paraná (LACEN), and through an official report, an investigation of the case was started for the confirmation of autochthony. An active search for the vector and other canine cases in the neighborhood was carried out along with a search for information on the origin of the animal in question. However, the species, Lutzomyia longipalpis, new canine cases, or origin of the sick animal were not identified. Although, the present case cannot be confirmed as autochthonous, we suggest that it is necessary to disseminate the present report to serve as a warning to veterinarians and other public health professionals in the northern region of Paraná to be attentive to suspicious cases and to not fail to investigate these cases to the end.
Abstract This study aimed to identify the intestinal parasites of road-killed wild felines in the North Central and North, Paraná state, southern Brazil. The animals were monitored by sampling previously established transects. The places where the felines were run over were mapped, the animals were identified, and the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated. The feces were submitted to coproparasitological techniques of spontaneous sedimentation, floating in hypersaturated NaCl solution and centrifugal floating in zinc sulfate. All the parasitic structures detected were photomicrographed. In the coproparasitological analyses were identified oocysts of Cystoisospora spp., eggs of Ancylostomatidae, and Capillaria spp.; eggs of Aelurostrongylus spp., Toxocara spp., Physaloptera spp., Taenia spp., and Spirometra spp.; Aelurostrongylus abstrusus larvae; and eggs and adults of Ancylostoma cati and Taenia spp. One of the cats was parasitized by a flea of Ctenocephalides felis felis. Based on these results, the animals analyzed in this study supplied important samples for the evaluation of parasitic diversity of North of Paraná and suggested that this region may have conditions that allow the maintenance of these parasites life cycles in the environment and among wildlife.
Abstract Neospora caninum is a major cause of reproductive loss in cattle worldwide as it leads to abortion and animal repositioning. Although Toxoplasma gondii does not cause a reproductive problem in cattle, consuming raw or uncooked beef poses the risk of transmission. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii antibodies in dairy cattle in the West and Northwest regions of São Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 653 serum samples from dairy cows were analyzed using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Epidemiological data from the farms were associated with the serological results of the animals by logistic regression based on the presence of antibodies. The frequencies of the antibodies against N. caninum and T. gondii were 41.6% (272/653) and 11.5% (75/653), respectively. A statistically significant association was observed between: the serum anti-N. caninum antibodies and breed, history of food supplementation for calves, introduction of outside animals that later presented reproductive problems, and history of reproductive problems by the trimester of gestation. The present study highlights the importance of neosporosis in dairy cattle in the study regions and that the inclusion of this parasite in the investigation of animals with reproductive disorders is important.
The synanthropization of wild animals puts public health at risk by promoting the circulation of zoonotic agents, found naturally in the wild, in the anthropic environment. The objective of this work was to carry out screening by molecular detection of pathogens of the Anaplasmatacea family in Didelphis albiventris, a specie characterized as having a synanthropic habit. Opossums that were dead (n = 25) after being road-killed were collected in the North of Paraná state, southern Brazil during the 2016 and 2018 years, through active search. A questionnaire was filled out with information about the animal and collected place. Biological samples of spleen and liver were collected. The genetic material extracted from the spleen and liver was submitted to molecular diagnosis through PCR for amplification of dsb of Ehrlichia and 16S genes for the other agents of the Anaplasmataceae family. One animal was positive for the genus Ehrlichia in semi-nested PCR for amplification of the 349 bp fragment of the dsb gene in extracted from the liver samples. In PCR for the 16S target no animal was positive. These are preliminary results that reinforce the circulation of Ehrlichia in opossums. To improve the knowledge of these agents in opossums more studies are necessary.
As hortaliças são potenciais vias de transmissão de patógenos de importância em saúde pública, sendo que a contaminação está frequentemente relacionada às condições higiênico-sanitárias das hortas, assim como dos reservatórios de água. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a presença de parasitos em vegetais e, Escherichia coli em amostras de água de irrigação oriundas de hortas comunitárias, localizadas próximas a fundos de vale e praças públicas, no Município de Londrina, Paraná. O experimento ocorreu entre os anos de 2019 e 2020. Para análise parasitológica, as amostras de hortaliças folhosas foram processadas para concentração e posteriormente processadas e analisadas por exames parasitológicos, sendo o teste de Hoffman, Faust e Willis. Para análise microbiológica, foram coletadas nove amostras de água de irrigação, em recipientes estéreis e utilizou-se o Kit Colilert para detecção de Escherichia coli. Ao todo foram coletadas 18 amostras de hortaliças e nove de água. Quanto às amostras de água, foram constatadas as presenças de Escherichia coli e coliformes totais em 66.7% (6/9) das amostras coletadas. Nas amostras de hortaliças, foram identificadas parasitos dos gêneros Ascaris, Ancylostoma e Entamoeba, demonstrando que há contaminação de hortaliças provenientes de hortas comunitárias e da água de mina, utilizada na irrigação. Palavras-chave: Contaminação. Água. Saúde Pública. Parasitos. Vegetais Folhosos. AbstractVegetables are potential transmission routes for pathogens that are important to public health. The incidence of pathogenic contamination is often related to hygiene, sanitary conditions, as well as the quality of the reservoir water used in vegetable gardens. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the presence of parasites in vegetables samples from community gardens, and the presence of Escherichia coli in the irrigation water samples. These gardens are located near valley bottoms and public squares in the city of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. During the period of 2019 and 2020, 18 leafy vegetables samples were processed for concentration and later for parasitological analysis, being the test of Hoffman, Faust and Willis. For microbiological analysis, nine samples of irrigation water were collected in sterile containers, and the Colilert Kit was used to detect E. coli which was present in 66,7% of samples. The vegetable samples had parasites from the genera Ascaris, Ancylostoma, and Entamoeba,. demonstrating the contamination of both the vegetables from community gardens and the mine water used for irrigation. Keywords: Contamination. Water. Public Health. Parasites. Leafy Vegetables.
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