On-demand video has become a seamless part of the fabric of information consumption. Initially inspired by the popularity of video guides for practical skills such as cooking and DIY, instructional videos were developed for equipment used in the first-year chemical engineering undergraduate teaching laboratory at Imperial College London. During 2016/2017, the effect of the videos on the students' learning was measured using video viewership metrics, a survey, focus groups with students and Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs) and rounded off through interviews with the module teaching team. Student reactions were overall positive, with >90% of students stating they found the videos useful. The outcome of our study indicated that because of access to the videos before, during, and after lab sessions, students were more confident in their own ability, spent more time engaging with theory, applied practical lab skills in a more targeted way, and produced better outputs. Rather than being just a video version of the experiment handout, the video influenced the behavior of both learners and teachers, freeing up time to engage in deeper exploration of topics. The results of the study suggest that the use of video-led instruction in undergraduate laboratory teaching improves student experience, saves GTA time, and decidedly shifts the teaching focus from demonstration to exploration.
A review of tomography systems suitable for industrial implementation and design considerations for tomographic sensors has allowed the design of an ERT sensor compatible with stringent process requirements. In conjunction with a data acquisition system, ITS P2000, this sensor was applied to processes considered typical of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) chemical development. Experimental results are described where variations in conductivity measurements were monitored in a stirred tank. The data were compared with spectroscopic on-line monitoring and kinetic information. The results obtained demonstrate that this approach shows promise for on-line control of mixing process performance and efficiency evaluation and optimisation of reactor geometries. Une revue des systèmes de tomographie à des fins d'application industrielle et des méthodes de conception de capteurs a permis la mise au point d'un capteur de tomographie à résistance électrique (ERT) compatible avec des exigences de procédé rigoureuses. Avec un système d'acquisition des données, l'ITS P2000, ce capteur a été appliqué à des procédés considérés comme typiques dans le développement chimique d'ingrédients pharmaceutiques actifs (API). Les résultats expérimentaux sont présentés aux endroits où des variations dans les mesures de conductivité ont été suivis dans un réservoir agité. Les données ont été comparées à la surveillance spectroscopique en ligne et à l'information cinétique. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que cette approche semble prometteuse pour le contrôle en ligne de la performance du mélange des procédés, l'évaluation de l'efficacité et l'optimisation de la géométrie des réacteurs.
A continuously operating spinning disk reactor (SDR) displayed distinct advantages over batch processing techniques when several commercially relevant processes for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals as test reactions were investigated. It proved to be a useful tool for revealing intrinsically fast kinetics as well as for optimizing processes with such kinetics. Very encouraging results were achieved for a phase-transfer-catalyzed (ptc) Darzen's reaction to prepare a drug intermediate and the recrystallization of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). In comparison to presently used batch processes, the ptc reaction resulted in a reaction with 99.9% reduced reaction time, 99% reduced inventory, and 93% reduced impurity level. The recrystallization yielded particles with a tight particle size distribution and a mean size of around 3 μm. Reactor modeling was in good agreement with the experimental results and highlighted the advantages of the process-intensified equipment with a production capacity of around 8 tonnes/year.