본 연구에서는 할랄 인증을 위한 고추장 중 에탄올 분석 시 1차 스크리닝 절차로서 전자코가 적용 가능한지를 알아보고자 하였다. 먼저 공인된 알코올 분석법인 GC-FID를 사용하여 25개의 재래식 고추장을 분석한 결과 모든 고추장에서 에탄올이 검출되었으며 그 함량은 0.14-2.7%이었다. 이 중 8개 고추장을 선별하여 전자코 분석한 결과, 에탄올 함량이 비슷한 고추장끼리 유사한 패턴을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 시판 고추장 2개를 대상으로 전자코 분석을 통해 할랄 인증기관이 요구하는 에탄올 기준을 준수하는지를 1차적으로 신속하게 스크리닝이 가능함을 확인하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the electronic nose can be applied as a primary screening procedure to detect ethanol in gochujang for halal certification. First, ethanol content in 25 traditional gochujang was measured by gas chromatography with flame ion detector, widely accepted as the conventional method of alcohol detection. The content ranged from 0.14 to 2.7%. Then, 8 gochujangs selected from among the initial 25 samples were analyzed by electronic nose. Similar ethanol content patterns were observed between the two detection methods. In addition, commercial gochujang products were examined by electronic nose to ensure that they complied with the required ethanol standard of the halal certification authority. Consequently, it was confirmed that electronic nose analysis can be applied as a primary screening method for halal certification.
국내산과 중국산 시판 홍삼 농축액의 원산지 판별을 위하여 LC-MS/MS의 data를 통계 처리해 보았다. 국내산 시판 홍삼 농축액과 중국산 시판 홍삼 농축액은 LC-MS/MS의 ginsenoside 함량 비교 결과 특정 ginsenoside에서 함량 차이를 크게 보여주었고, 이를 토대로 의심시료를 선정할 수 있었다. 또한, LC-MS/MS data를 정준 판별 분석과 주성분 분석을 통하여 원산지가 의심되는 시료를 검출할 수 있었고, 그 혼합 비율까지 추정할 수 있었다. The geographical origin of commercial red ginseng concentrate was studied using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The ginsenoside content of domestic and Chinese red ginseng concentrates was determined. Four types of suspected origin samples could be selected this technique. The LC-MS/MS data were statistically analyzed on the basis of canonical function analysis and principal component analysis. Domestic and Chinese samples could be discriminated via canonical function analysis using posterior probability. In addition, the mixture ratio (Korean or Chinese origin) of the unknown origin specimen could be predicted based on the relationship between the mixing concentration of red ginseng concentrates and principal component 1.
원료인 생수와 포장 용기인 페트병과 뚜껑에서 야기되는 이취 성분의 존재여부를 MS-전자코를 통하여 분석해 보았다. 이취가 나는 생수는 농도별로 DF2 양의 방향으로 이동하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었고, 이취의 원인이 페트병 혹은 페트병의 뚜껑이라고 가정하여 분석을 진행한 결과 뚜껑에서 휘발 성분이 페트병 보다 많이 검출되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 물에서 나는 이취가 페트병보다는 뚜껑에 영향을 더 많이 받았을 것이라고 볼 수 있었다. 또한 이온 분획의 결과로 보아 이취의 원인이 되는 물질인 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 노난올과 데칸올이 페트병과 뚜껑에 포함되어 있다고 추측되었다. The objective of the study was to investigate the off-flavor generated from PET water bottles and their caps by using a mass spectrometry-based electronic nose. The ion fragment data obtained from the electronic nose were used for discriminant function analysis (DFA). In the case of increased concentrations of the contamination of water, the off-flavor pattern depended on the discriminant function second score instead of the discriminant function first score. To identify the cause of off-flavor in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottled water, the PET bottle and its cap were analyzed by DFA. The results showed that the cap generated more volatile compounds than the bottle or mineral water did. The substances causing the off-flavor were predicted to be 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), nonanal, and decanal when the main peak of the mass spectrum was compared with the major ion fragments of the electronic nose. Thus, using this method, we could determine whether the PET water bottle was contaminated and whether the off-flavor resulted from contamination of the bottle cap.
This study was conducted to investigate whether four hot-water extraction steps could effectively remove offflavor from bovine bone extracts and produce compounds with pleasant aroma. Experiments were performed using a mass spectrometry-electronic nose and Fourier transform-near infrared spectrometer (FT-NIR). Off-flavor compounds were removed by washing and extraction with hot water. Steaming treatment produced compounds with a better aroma, such as 4-methylthiazole. In addition, a change in flavor compounds was observed in treated samples.
Abstract Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers in Submandibular Area: Case Report Su Won Park, Soo Mi Jang, Dong Yul Kim, Jang Ho Son, Yeong Cheo l Cho, Iel Yong Sung Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of UlsanProgressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC) is mostly a disease of young adults and it presents as unexplained, asymptomatic, localized or generalized lymphadenopathy that is usually persistent or recurrent over a period of many years. PTGCs are larger than regular germinal centers and they contain a variable proportion of small mantle zone lymphocytes and so they become progressively transformed and they may resul t in the loss of clear demarcation between them and the mantle zone. PTGC may resemble the nodules of nodular lymphocyt e predominant Hodgkin's disease (NLPHD) and it may be mistaken for NLPHD. Histological and immunohistochemical stu dies are helpful in differentiating these diseases. Because of the relatively frequent recurrences of PTGC, follow-up and r epeat biopsy are indicated. Although PTGC is not considered to be a premalignant condition, PTGC may occur prior to, concur rent with or following NLPHD. This emphasizes the need for ongoing follow-up and repeat biopsy. Although PTGC is repor ted in 3.5% to 10% of the cases of chronic nonspecific lymphadenopathy, oral & maxillofacial surgeons are not widely a ware of this condition and its clinical implications. Herein, we present a case of PTGC. A 24-year-old male without any histo ry of immunodeficiency or autoimmune disease was admitted to the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery at Ulsan Univ ersity Hospital for evaluation of a right submandibular swellin g. He had another mass on the right thigh that was noticed about 1 year ago. The submandibular lesion was completely resected and biopsied. The histological findings and immunohistochemical stains (CD3, CD15, CD20, CD30, CD57, BCL-2, EMA) were consistent with PTGC. He was followed up without any other comp laints for 9 months.Key word:Progressive transformation of germinal centers
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