The present investigation was to quantify the biopigments from Nerium oleander L. and also to assess the antioxidant potential. Two different Nerium cultivars Red and Pink type were selected for the experiment. The collected flowers were dried under shade for the removal of moisture content and also to prevent the destruction of anthocyanins, as they are sensitive to light. The dried flowers were grinded to obtain fine powder. Different solvents were used for the extraction of anthocyanin and for the estimation of their antioxidant potential from the flower sample. The solvents used were Acetone, Ethanol, Methanol and Distilled Water in different concentrations. It provides measurements in the UV and VIS range. It has a spectral range of 220nm to 830nm. Based on the conducted experiments, it is visible that the anthocyanin content extracted using the solvent Ethanol has higher anthocyanin when compared with other solvents. The anthocyanin content is high in 100% ethanol (3.54 mg/k 3 g eq) and 100% methanol extraction in red flowers (3.40 mg/k 3 g eq): The antioxidant potential is high in 100% ethanol (2.97 %) and 50% ethanol (2.53 %) extraction in red flowers.
Introduction: Since Autorefractors nowadays have become mainstream and available in almost all clinical setups Autorefractors to make measurements swiftly. So in such a situation , it is necessary to compare the results of different refraction measurement devices including Autorefractors and retinoscopy with subjective corrections in Myopia and Hypermetropia. Methods : This is a descriptive study done among 100 patients visiting Ophthalmology OPD with Myopia and Hypermetropia in Saveetha medical college selected by convenience Sampling . The data collect ed will be tabulated and analyzed using SPSS. Results: Patients were divided into two age groups to find out age wise distribution of type of refractive errors and comparing the results from the subjective examination and results given by the Autorefractive meter it is clearly from this study that the difference between two methods was almost negligible and that Autorefractors are also a reliable method of measurement in a large clinical setup. But, on the other hand, manual retinoscopy still prove to be far better and efficacious technique yielding accurate results when it is used to check for refractive errors in individuals. Conclusion: In this study, we conclude that autorefractors are also reliable and can also be used to estimate refractive errors in a clinical setup, even though manual retinoscopy remains the most accurate and efficacious method..
Introduction: Blood transfusion and anaemia in traumatic brain injury adversely affect the outcome and also increase length of stay and mortality. Laboratory haemoglobin (Hb) values are considered primary indicators and gold standard to guide blood transfusion, but lab results take time and repetitive measurements may not be feasible. Rapid and accurate measurements of Hb can guide warranted blood transfusions and avoid unnecessary transfusions in emergency neurosurgery. In this regard, point of care testing devices for Hb can be of great use. Design: Prospective study to assess the accuracy of Hb values obtained through HemoCue Hb, Sweden analyser compared to laboratory Hb reports in patients undergoing emergency neurosurgery and Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Conduct: The study was conducted in 50 patients undergoing emergency neurosurgery at National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences and in Neurosurgical ICU. Blood sample was collected intraoperatively and Hb value was obtained using HemoCue Hb analyser immediately, and the same sample was sent for lab analysis. Analysis of the Study: SPSS 19 was used for the study. Paired sample t-test for comparison and Bland Altman plot was used to find the agreement between the two methods. Results: Paired samples t-test. Conclusion: HemoCue Hb analyser can be useful to guide blood transfusion in emergency neurosurgery and neurocritcal care. Limitations: Availability of the device and small sample size Applicability: Simple and useful device to obtain instant Hb values in a high volume centre where lab reports are usually delayed and can be performed even by paramedical staff anytime of the day.
ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) is a universally known chronic infectious disease that can affect any part of the body including oral cavity. Though usually affects the lungs, tubercle bacilli can spread hematogenously to involve other parts of the body. Oral lesions, although rare, are very important for early diagnosis and interception of primary TB. Here, we report a case of oral TB that manifested as painless extraoral swelling on the right side of the mandible which was initially small, later increased in size within 3 months. The patient was asymptomatic for pulmonary TB. Excisional biopsy was done. The histopathological section showed granulomatous lesion, and Ziehl—Neelsen (ZN) stain showed acid-fast magenta color rods suggesting tuberculous infection. This prompted us to validate with other advanced diagnostic technique, such as polymerized chain reaction (PCR) for tubercle bacilli. Thus, we emphasize on few advanced diagnostic techniques in the detection of the TB. How to cite this article Pavithra V, Nambiar S, Augustine D, Sowmya SV, Kumar KV, Prasad K, Rao RS. Oral Tuberculosis with Advanced Diagnostic Trends. World J Dent 2016;7(4):203-207.
Introduction: Verrucous lesions present as cauliflower like, slowly growing masses, which may be single, multiple or diffuse involving the broad areas of skin or mucosal surfaces. Clinically these lesions are diagnostic challenges. Histopathology remains the gold standard in diagnosing this diverse group of verrucous lesions. The aim of this study was to understand the microscopy of clinically verrucous lesions. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective data of clinically verrucous lesions over the past five years. Clinical details were obtained from the archives and diagnosis was noted from the pathology records. A total of 116 clinically verrucous lesions were included. Results: Majority of the cases were Verruca vulgaris (37 cases), followed by 33 cases of Seborrheic keratosis. There were 12 cases of verrucous carcinoma, seven cases of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, six cases of verrucous nevus and one case of verrucous hemangioma. The other cases were of varied histology, inspite of clinically verrucous appearance. All the cases were diagnosed purely based on histopathology findings, which show characteristic morphological features, which help the pathologist in the correct diagnosis. Conclusions: Histopathologic confirmation helps in alleviating the anxiety of the patients and helps us to arrive at a correct diagnosis. Keywords: Carcinoma, Papillomatosis, Seborrheic keratosis, Verrucous, Wart.
Introduction: Imaging-guided breast tissue biopsy has become an acceptable alternative to open surgical biopsy for nonpalpable breast lesions. Discussion of abnormal results of the correlation between imaging and pathological findings can be very challenging as it can assist in decision-making with regard to the further treatment options by arriving at a comprehensive diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study. Radiological data from imaging-guided breast biopsies of 500 patients during a 6-year period was collected and classified by a specialist radiologist as per the BI-RADS format. Histopathology reports were studied and discordance analyzed. Results: A total of 500 cases were reviewed. Approximately 33% (168) cases fell into the BI-RADS 3 category, 24.4% (122) into the BI-RADS 4, and 37% (187) into BI-RADS 5 categories. Approximately 50% ( n = 250) cases were benign, 2.6% (13) belonged to the high-risk category, and 47.4% (237) were malignant. The number of discordant cases was 12 (2.4%), mostly due to technical factors. Sensitivity of biopsies to detect malignancy was 85%, specificity was 96%, and accuracy of biopsy in diagnosing cancer was 90%. Discussion: The "triple assessment" is the most sensitive method for detecting early breast cancer. An effective communication pathway must be established between a clinician, radiologist, and pathologist for surgical excision in discordance as it carries a high prevalence of carcinoma in these lesions. Conclusion: In discordant cases, either due to abnormal results of imaging or of abnormal pathological findings, the final decision is based on two concordant findings, out of the three parameters. This involves a multidisciplinary breast conference and an active participation by the pathologist.
Background: Pain and disability are the most common issues reported among individuals with sciatica. Mulligan and shacklock neural mobilization are effective in reducing pain and disability among individuals with sciatica. Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the effects of mulligan mobilization versus Shacklock neural mobilization on pain and disability among individuals with sciatica. Methods: This was an Experimental study, 20 individuals with sciatica were recruited based on the inclusion criteria. Group A (n=10) received mulligan mobilization, pain neuroscience education and conventional exercises whereas Group B (n=10) received Shacklock mobilization, pain neuroscience and conventional exercises for 30-40 mins /1 session a day/4 day a week/4 week. Results: When comparing both the groups, NPRS scores were not statistically significant, but Group A showed significant results on ODI scores at the end of 4 weeks. Conclusion: Patients treated with mulligan mobilization show more significant improvement than those treated with Shacklock neural mobilization. Implications: The study shows the use of mulligan mobilization along with pain neuroscience and conventional therapy has significant results.
ABSTRACT Tumor microenvironment has a diverse capability to induce both beneficial and adverse consequences for tumorigenesis. It is a multifactorial process induced by the imbalance in the tumor cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen, the main component of ECM, is traditionally regarded as a passive barrier to resist tumor cell invasion. In recent years, collagen is marked to have its pivotal role to initiate and promote tumor progression. Remodeling of collagen has been appreciated in various benign and malignant tumors. These alterations can be identified and demonstrated as tumor-associated collagen signatures that can be demonstrated using second harmonic generation imaging. Recognition of these characteristic changes in the organization of collagen fiber may potentially serve as an early diagnostic marker in various pathological processes, such as hyperplastic, dysplastic, and cancerous tissues. This review focuses on the physiological and pathological orientation of collagen fibers in relation to epithelium that acts as an image-based biomarker. How to cite this article Pavithra V, Sowmya SV, Rao RS, Patil S, Augustine D, Haragannavar VC, Nambiar S. Tumorassociated Collagen Signatures: An Insight. World J Dent 2017;8(3):224-230.
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