The issue of environmental pollution has become a concern, especially for the government, since the establishment of Law No. 4 of 1982. This is because the effects of pollution can be toxic and even fatal for living beings, particularly humans. One of the pollutants in the environment generated from mining industry waste is heavy metal Fe. In light of these problems, a study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of sawdust and Moringa twigs as by-products in adsorbing heavy metal iron (Fe) in the liquid waste of the gold mining industry. This research is classified as pure experimental research. The research reveals that the mean percentage reduction in the heavy metal iron (Fe) content in the gold mining industry wastewater, after treatment with the addition of Moringa leaf powder, is 9.6%. On the other hand, treatment with the addition of Moringa stem powder achieves a reduction of 92%. This significant difference is attributed to the bioactive compound rhamnosyloxy-benzyl isothiocyanate present in Moringa. This compound has the ability to adsorb and neutralize sludge and metal particles found in the waste suspension, along with dirt particles in the water. Consequently, Moringa shows potential as a natural coagulant for water purification purposes.
Penanaman tanaman kayu merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperbaiki area lahan gambut yang pernah mengalami kebakaran. Untuk itu tanaman yang dipilih berupa tanaman yang dapat menyerap CO 2 dari atmosfer untuk memperbaiki kualitas udara dan dapat dimanfaatkan bagian tumbuhan itu sendiri. Beberapa tanaman yang memenuhi kebutuhan tesebut yaitu Flamboyan ( Delonix regia ), Mangium ( Acacia mangium), Sengon ( Falcataria moluccana ), dan Krasi ( Acacia crassicarpa ). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mutu fisik dan fisiologi benih tanaman hutan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengujian mutu fisik dan fisiologi benih yaitu metode pengambilan sampel secara acak dengan menguraikan hasil pengamatan secara Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif. Berdasarkan Uji Fisik untuk kemurnian Benih Flamboyan di dapat persentase 99,99 %, Mangium 99,03%, Sengon 99,92 %, Krasi 99,50%. Untuk hasil Uji Kadar Air di Peroleh rata-rata Benih Flamboyan 12,5%, Magium 5.05%, Sengon 7,32 % Krasi 5,07%. Dan hasil Uji Berat 1000 Butir di peroleh Jumlah Benih Dalam 1 kg untuk Benih Flamboyan 1.586 Butir, Magium 86.801 Butir, Sengon 43.501 Butir, Krasi 51.924 butir. Selanjutnya untuk Uji Fisiologis Benih pada Daya Kecambah, Rata-rata daya kemcambah yang diperoleh untuk benih Flamboyan sebesar 12%, Magium 36%, Sengon 71%, Krasi 37%, Dari keempat Benih Pengujian Daya kecambah yang paling tinggi yaitu terdapat pada benih Sengon sedangkan yang paling rendah pada benih Flamboyan.
Paper generally uses wood as the main raw material, which is increasingly expensive, so it requires alternative raw materials such as rice husks. Banyasin Regency is a food producer and provides high by-products (rice husks), so the researchers aim to use rice husks into paper. The method used in this study includes display data (presentation of data) the results of the utilization of rice husks, and the conclusion (conclusion) of the resulting paper. The results obtained from the use of rice husk into paper in assisting the community of the Muara Telang District, Banyasin Regency, received positive responses from the community, which was indicated by the attitude of the residents in managing the husks into paper and the paper produced had characteristics, was bright brown in color, flexible, and had a husk motif. The paper obtained from this activity is suitable to be developed as a calligraphy and other craft materials.
AbstractPagaralam is one of the tomato suppliers for the South Sumatera region. Tomatoes are often attacked by pests such as aphids. Aphids fleas (Aphid sp.) are one of the main pests besides that aphids are important vectors that can transmit viral disease. The use of chemical insecticides can damage agricultural land for the use of vegetable insecticide alternatives. Alkoloid, Flavoid, Saponin, and Tanin contained in papaya leaves (Carica papaya) can be used as a plant aphid insecticide. The sample in this study was a 2 month old tomato plant with 20 aphids in each tree. Treatment was given to 5 treatment with 5 replications. This treatment by giving different concentrations of papaya leaf solution in the crop of 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%. To determine the effectiveness of papaya leaf solution (Carica papaya) as a vegetable insecticide aphid done spraying as much as 100 ml once spray with contact time observation 12 hours and 48 hours. The results showed that the application of papaya leaf juice was effective in killing aphids, so that high concentrations that gave greater precentage of aphids deaths ranged from 24 hours showed F count > and F table and received at level 1% means that papaya leaf juice was very influential on aphids death. Then the results of cofactor coefficient (KK) 24 hours and 48 hours were 10% and 4%, before using The Smallest Significant Difference Test (BNT) to see the effect of each concentration. BNT Test pre view, each concentration was very significant which had a different effect on the death of ticks to analyze probit LC50 to determine the effective concentration of killing 50% of the samples at 39,81%. This is related to every usage given such as concentration and monitoring time.
Keywords: Papaya Leaf (Carica papaya); Papaya Leaf Solution Concentration; Fleas (Aphid sp.)
There are many antiseptic soaps on the market both from industrial and household production. Antiseptic soap can be used to reduce bacterial contamination in parts of the body due to waterborne or dirty hands such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. Antiseptic soap is different from ordinary soap, because it has ingredients that can function as antimicrobials. So it is necessary to do an antimicrobial test against antiseptic soap. The soap tested in this study is antiseptic transparent soap for household production. The use of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. test bacteria is because these two types of bacteria are bacteria that often cause disease. This research was carried out from 6 to 11 October 2018. Testing was carried out by diffusion method. The test sample was antiseptic transparent soap and sterile distilled water (negative control). Results analysis showed the use of antiseptic transparent 1% soap suspension against Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. each has an average inhibition zone diameter of 7 mm and 5.75 mm while in the negative control using sterile aquades there is no inhibitory zone. Based on the classification of bacterial growth inhibition response according to Greenwood which was cited by Fitri (2010), the use of antiseptic transparent 1% soap suspension against Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. classified as medium category.
Liquid waste is a source of water pollution whichis a problem for the surrounding environment. Liquid waste contains high levels of organic pollutants as well as suspended and dissolved solids which under go physical, chemical and biological changes. Liquid waste known to contain high levels of organic material, namely industrial and domestic waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of BOD, COD, TSS and ammonia in samples of domestic liquid waste and the rubber industry in Palembang. The type of research carried out in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data were analyzed and presented in tabular form, from the data it was found that the results of BOD in domestic waste inlet 107.25 mg/L, outlet 33.3 mg/L did not meet quality standard and industrial waste inlet 113.5 mg/L outlet 33.3 mg/L meet the quality standard, COD results in domestic waste inlet 62.6 mg/L, outlet 91.7mg/L and in industrial waste inlet 78.2 mg/L, outlet 73.1 mg/L meet quality standards, TSS in domestic waste inlet 116 mg/L, outlet 27.7 mg/L and industrial waste inlet 88 mg/L, outlet 22.5 mg/L meet the quality standard. And the results of domestic waste ammonia inlet 6.5895 mg/L, outlet 4.5365mg/L and industrial waste inlet 13.85 mg/L, outlet 1.5165 mg/L meet the quality standards of waste water according to the regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry I No P. 68 /Menihk/Setjen/Kum. 1/ 8/2016.
<abstract> <p>One of the indicators of water pollution is the presence of coliform bacteria, such as <italic>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</italic>. The development of resistance properties to several antibiotics by this pathogen is a serious health problem. Therefore, this study aims to isolate and identify antibiotic-resistant <italic>E. coli</italic> using the 16S rRNA gene. Samples were taken along the Kedukan, PU, and Buah rivers in Palembang City, South Sumatra, Indonesia, using the purposive sampling method. Each river consists of 9 sampling points, namely, the lower, middle and the upstream regions. The water quality result for the three rivers show that several water quality parameters do not meet the water quality standards: namely, BOD levels in the Kedukan and Buah rivers, Fe levels in the Kedukan and PU rivers, and chlorine in the three rivers. The results showed that <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates from the Kedukan, PU and Buah rivers were sensitive to 9 antibiotics. The highest resistance (100%) of <italic>E. coli</italic> isolates to tobramycin was in the Kedukan and PU rivers, while those from the Buah river were resistant to ampicillin. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed genetic diversity. Two main groups were formed from <italic>E. coli</italic>, namely, A and B, which consist of 17 and 4 isolates, respectively. Furthermore, the water quality analysis results of the Kedukan, PU, and Buah rivers in Palembang City, South Sumatra, revealed that they are polluted.</p> </abstract>
Contamination of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in the aquatic environment in Palembang City, Sumatra Selatan, Indonesia, is dangerous for human health, especially for those who use the water for hygiene and sanitation purposes, because it is a pathogenic bacterium that causes diseases. A solution is needed to solve this problem. Bacteriophage is a natural biocontrol safe for human health and can lyse its host, E. coli. In this study, isolated bacteriophages from 3 rivers in Palembang city, namely the Kedukan River, Buah River and PU River, and tested the Effectiveness of bacteriophage lysis against E. coli. This research, after isolating antibiotic-resistant E. coli from river waters in Palembang City and coding the sample with EcSK2-2, EcSK3-1, EcSB1-3, EcSB3-3, EcPU1-1, and EcPU3-1, isolated phages coded FgSK22. 3, FgSK31.1, FgSB13.1, FgSB33.2, FgSB33.3, FgPU11.1, and FgPU31.2. The isolates could lyse antibiotic-resistant E. coli, indicating that the phages can serve as a natural biocontrol of antibiotic-resistant E. coli that contaminates the river waters of Palembang City.
Fungus belong to eukaryotic prosthetic organisms that are chemohypertrophic. When studying the properties of fungus, a material is needed as a nutritional source to grow or isolate fungus known as the media. The most commonly used media for fungal culture is instant PDA media. The relatively high price of instant PDA media is a common problem. That's why we need alternative media that are more economical. The aim of this research is to test whether the gadung tuber flour media can be used as an alternative to PDA. Method used in this study is the experimental method and design used, fully randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates. Concentrations of gadung tuber flour used were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The data obtained was analyzed with Annova with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the grading tuber meal alternative media had a significant effect on the growth of Candida albicans. Fungus can grow in alternative media at a concentration of 5% to 25% with the highest number of colonies at a concentration of 25%, namely 155.3 in 100 µl.AbstrakJamur termasuk organisme prostetik eukariotik yang bersifat kemohipertrofik. Dalam mempelajari sifat-sifat jamur diperlukan suatu bahan sebagai sumber nutrisi untuk menumbuhkan atau mengisolasi jamur yang dikenal dengan media. Media yang paling umum digunakan untuk kultur jamur adalah media PDA instan. Harga media PDA instan yang relatif mahal merupakan masalah yang umum. Untuk itu diperlukan media alternatif yang lebih ekonomis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah media tepung umbi gadung dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti PDA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dan desain yang digunakan, Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Konsentrasi tepung umbi gadung yang digunakan adalah 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Annova dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa grading media alternatif tepung umbi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Jamur dapat tumbuh pada media alternatif pada konsentrasi 5% sampai 25% dengan jumlah koloni tertinggi pada konsentrasi 25% yaitu 155,3 dalam 100 µl
This study entitled the effect of giving various orange peels as a repelence of rice lice (Sitophillusoryzae L.) and its contribution to pest and disease material in plants in class VIII. This study aims todetermine the effectiveness of various orange peels as a repelence of what type of rice lice andorange skin is most effectively used as a repelence of rice lice. The type of research used in thisstudy is quantitative descriptive research (where the data collection process uses statistical analysis)and the experimental method. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Analysis ofVarience (ANOVA). Analysis of the variance of the treatment effects for a complete randomizeddesign (CRD) was carried out according to the F test. Based on the results of the research, eachtreatment was significantly different from the control. The highest percentage of rejection wasfound in the treatment of lime peel, which amounted to 56.25 at 76 hours and the lowest percentagewas found in the treatment of sunkist orange peel ie 27.5 at 76 hours. Hypothesis testing results forF count treatment (19> 1.79) and F count Factor A (40> 2.99) and F count on Factor B (102> 3.20),this states that slices of various orange peels (Citrus sp.) very significant effect to reject riceinfestation (Sitophillus oryzae L.), so that it is stated that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. Thus itcan be concluded that various citrus coolies are effective as repelensi rice mites (Sitophillus oryzaeL.).
