A. Behar

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

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ИГ

И. Г. Митрофанов

Space Research Institute

K. Harshman

University of Arizona

A. Malakhov

National Research University Higher School of Economics

W. V. Boynton

University of Arizona

C. Hardgrove

Arizona State University

АБ

А. Б. Санин

Space Research Institute

Lauren DeFlores

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

F. Fedosov

Space Research Institute

D. V. Golovin

Space Research Institute

F. Carsey

California Institute of Technology

Cooperative Institutions

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

212

California Institute of Technology

183

Goddard Space Flight Center

128

Planetary Science Institute

104

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Ames Research Center

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Arizona State University

Cornell University

Johnson Space Center

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A microbial ecosystem beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet

Nature (2014)

Brent C. Christner John C. Priscu Amanda M. Achberger Carlo Barbante Sasha P. Carter

Biogeochemical Cycle

Antarctic ice sheet

Biogeochemistry

10.1038/nature13667

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Citations (281)

Instrument for Analysis of Greenland's Glacier Mills

A. Behar Jaret Matthews Hung Bao Tran Konrad Steffen Dan McGrath

A new instrument is used to study the inner workings of Greenland s glacier mills by riding the currents inside a glacier s moulin. The West Greenland Moulin Explorer instrument was deployed into a tubular shaft to autonomously record temperature, pressure, 3D acceleration, and location. It is built with a slightly positive buoyancy in order to assist in recovery. The unit is made up of several components. A 3-axis MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) accelerometer with 0.001-g resolution forms the base of the unit. A pressure transducer is added that is capable of withstanding 500 psi (=3.4 MPa), and surviving down to -40 C. An Iridium modem sends out data every 10 minutes. The location is traced by a GPS (Global Positioning System) unit. This GPS unit is also used for recovery after the mission. Power is provided by a high-capacity lithium thionyl chloride D-sized battery. The accelerometer is housed inside a cylindrical, foot-long (=30 cm) polyvinyl chloride (PVC) shell sealed at each end with acrylic. The pressure transducer is attached to one of these lids and a MEMS accelerometer to the other, recording 100 samples per second per axis.

Greenland ice sheet

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WISSARD at Subglacial Lake Whillans, West Antarctica: scientific operations and initial observations

Annals of Glaciology (2014)

Sławek Tulaczyk Jill A. Mikucki Matthew R. Siegfried John C. Priscu C. G. Barcheck

Abstract A clean hot-water drill was used to gain access to Subglacial Lake Whillans (SLW) in late January 2013 as part of the Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (WISSARD) project. Over 3 days, we deployed an array of scientific tools through the SLW borehole: a downhole camera, a conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) probe, a Niskin water sampler, an in situ filtration unit, three different sediment corers, a geothermal probe and a geophysical sensor string. Our observations confirm the existence of a subglacial water reservoir whose presence was previously inferred from satellite altimetry and surface geophysics. Subglacial water is about two orders of magnitude less saline than sea water (0.37–0.41 psu vs 35 psu) and two orders of magnitude more saline than pure drill meltwater (<0.002 psu). It reaches a minimum temperature of –0.55~C, consistent with depression of the freezing point by 7.019 MPa of water pressure. Subglacial water was turbid and remained turbid following filtration through 0.45 µm filters. The recovered sediment cores, which sampled down to 0.8 m below the lake bottom, contained a macroscopically structureless diamicton with shear strength between 2 and 6 kPa. Our main operational recommendation for future subglacial access through water-filled boreholes is to supply enough heat to the top of the borehole to keep it from freezing.

Meltwater

10.3189/2014aog65a009

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Citations (166)

Hydrothermal vent bio-sampler

57th International Astronautical Congress (2006)

Jonas Jönsson A. Behar James C. Bruckner Jaret Matthews Kasthuri Venkateswaran

On the bottom of the oceans with volcanic activity present, hydrothermal vents can be found which spew out mineral rich superheated water from the porous seafloor crust. Life thrives here on the mi ...

10.2514/6.iac-06-a1.6.04

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Citations (1)

The Antarctic Ice Borehole Probe

A. Behar F. Carsey A. L. Lane Hermann Engelhardt

The Antarctic Ice Borehole Probe mission is a glaciological investigation, scheduled for November 2000-January 2001, that will acquire visible-light images and video in a hot-water drilled hole in the West Antarctic ice sheet. The objectives of the probe are to observe ice-bed interactions with a downward looking camera, and ice inclusions and structure, including hypothesized ice accretion, with a side-looking camera. The Probe mission also serves as a stepping-stone in the development of technology to acquire data in extreme ice and liquid environments. The information and experience will aid projects involving exploration in ice/liquid environments, including missions to Lake Vostok in Antarctica, Mars Polar Caps and Europa, Jupiter's moon. This focus of this paper is to describe the design and use of the probe.

Liquid water

10.1109/aero.2001.931723

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Citations (7)

Recent Polar Instrumentation Developments Using Low Cost, New Access Methods via Iridium Short Burst Data (SBD)

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2012)

A. Behar

Instrumentation

Burst mode (computing)

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A Field Demonstration of Thermal Drilling Technology for the Chronos Scout 2011 Mission

LPICo (2006)

Greg Cardell M. O. Smith Mervyn L. Hecht Richard Kowalczyk C. T. Mogensen

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MEMS Enablement and Analysis of the Miniature Autonomous Submersible Explorer

IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering (2005)

Fredrik C. Bruhn F. Carsey Johan Köhler Matthew C. Mowlem Christopher R. German

The miniature autonomous submersible explorer (MASE) was designed as a vehicle for astrobiology science by Behar et al. . This paper focuses on the MASE concept and extrapolates a future design based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), multifunctional microsystems (MMS), and three-dimensional multichip modules (3-D-MCM). Miniaturization of the electronics increases the payload volumes and power capabilities significantly and this is the main rationale for pursuing extreme miniaturization. The original MASE vehicle accommodated 1-2 instruments while the MEMS enhanced miniature autonomous submersible explorer (MEMSEMASE) accommodates up to six instruments. It is shown that the occupied area of the electronics components is reduced eight times, and the volume 25 times. The vehicle is shaped as a tube with 5 cm in diameter and 20 cm in length and can support 8 W continuously over 5 h. The maximum range is 25 km while the typical onboard instrumentation is conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD), and a high resolution camera. An optical fiber is used for bidirectional communication with the vessel. The goal of this enriched concept is to present an extremely miniaturized submersible design. The vehicle volume is defined to fit inside host vehicles with the goal of future deployment on Europa, oceans on Earth, and bore holes. The paper will focus on showing how electronics can be densely packed into micromachined silicon modules and how these can be designed and interconnected theoretically.

Payload (computing)

Microsystem

Instrumentation

10.1109/joe.2004.836420

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Citations (8)

Content of Hydrogen and Neutron Absorbing Elements at Gale Crater Measured by DAN Instrument onboard the Curiosity Mars Rover

Eighth International Conference on Mars (2014)

И. Г. Митрофанов M. Litvak А. Г. Санин Denis Lisov A. Behar

Mars landing

Mars rover

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