Abstract The rice pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae causes severe losses to rice production. Previous studies have shown protein kinase MoCK2 essential for pathogenesis, and this ubiquitous eukaryotic might affect several processes in the fungus needed for infection. To better understand which cellular processes are affected by the MoCK2 activity, we performed a detailed RNAseq analysis of deletions MoCK2-beta1 and beta2 components in relation to the background strain Ku80 and connected this analysis with the abundance of substrates for proteins in a previous pulldown of the essential CKa subunit of CK2 to estimate effects on proteins directly interacting with CK2. The results showed that MoCK2 seriously affected carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and related transporters and reduced acetyl-CoA production. CK2 phosphorylation can affect the folding of proteins and especially the effective formation of protein complexes by intrinsically disordered or mitochondrial import by destabilizing soluble alpha helixes. Upregulated genes found in the pulldown of the b1 and b2 mutants indicate that proteins directly interacting with CK2 are compensatory upregulated depending on their pulldown. A similar correlation was found for mitochondrial proteins. Taken together, the classes of proteins and the change in regulation in the b1 and b2 mutants suggest that CK2 has a central role in mitochondrial metabolism, secondary metabolism, and ROS resistance, in addition to the previously suggested role in the formation of new ribosomes, all processes central to efficient non-self responses as innate immunity. Importance The protein kinase CK2 is highly expressed and essential for plants, animals, and fungi affecting fatty acid-related metabolism. In addition, it directly affects the import of essential mitochondrial proteins into mitochondria. These effects mean CK2 is essential for lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function and, as shown before, crucial for making new translation machinery proteins. Taken together, our new results combined with previous published indicate that CK2 is an essential protein necessary for the capacity to launch efficient innate immunity responses and withstand the negative effect of such responses necessary for general resistance against invading bacteria and viruses as well as to interact with plants and withstand plant immunity responses and kill plant cells. Protein kinase CK2, highly expressed and essential for plants, animals, and fungi, affects fatty acid-related metabolism and mitochondrial proteins, making it essential for the capacity to launch efficient innate immunity responses and plant pathogenicity
The electronic structure of quasi-one-dimensional graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is closely related to their width, boundary configuration and heteroatomic doping because of the quantum confinement effect and edge effect. Therefore, GNRs present novel electrical, magnetic and optical characteristics. With the advancements in the preparation technology of GNRs, GNRs with different structures have been prepared and studied. Results reveal that GNRs have good photoelectric characteristics, providing them broad application prospects in quantum computing and dissipative microelectronic devices. Herein, we review the research achievements of GNRs in recent years, focus on the advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods of GNRs and provide some experimental basis for their application.
Abstract The defects have a remarkable influence on the electronic structures and the electric transport behaviors of the matter, providing the additional means to engineering their physical properties. In this work, a comprehensive study on the effect of Br‐vacancies on the electronic structures and transport behaviors in the high‐order topological insulator Bi 4 Br 4 is performed by the combined techniques of the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and physical properties measurement system along with the first‐principle calculations. The STM results show the defects on the cleaved surface of a single crystal and reveal that the defects are correlated to the Br‐vacancies with the support of the simulated STM images. The role of the Br‐vacancies in the modulation of the band structures has been identified by ARPES spectra and the calculated energy‐momentum dispersion. The relationship between the Br‐vacancies and the semiconducting‐like transport behaviors at low temperature has been established, implying a Mott variable ranging hopping conduction in Bi 4 Br 4 . The work not only resolves the unclear transport behaviors in this matter, but also paves a way to modulate the electric conduction path by the defects engineering.
Abstract This work studied the optical absorption properties and electronic properties of graphene nanosheets encapsulated in h-BN at different twisted angles based on first principles. UV–Vis spectrum shows that compared with the monolayer graphene nanosheets, the absorption’s peak of the encapsulated graphene nanosheets show a red shift and its molar absorption coefficient decreased significantly. The molar absorption coefficients of h-BN/graphene/h-BN heterostructures show an increasing trend when the graphene nanosheets are twisted relative to the packaging layer (twisted angles are 0°, 15°, 21.8°, 27.8° and 30°, respectively). More curiously, charge density difference (CDD) indicates that the region of electron aggregation in excited state mainly occurs at the centre of graphene nanosheets due to the introduction of h-BN packaging layer. The smoothed isosurface diagram of electron hole pairs shows that the distribution breadth of electron hole pair density decreases compared with that before encapsulation, and the distribution breadth of electron increase is larger than that of hole. With the increase of twisted angles, the distribution breadth of electron hole pair density increases gradually. Both CDD and smoothed isosurface diagram show that the system has strong boundary effect. This provides a method to adjust the photoelectric properties of graphene nanosheets by using different twisted angles, and provides a theoretical basis for its application in the field of micro-nano optoelectronics.
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one of the well-known carcinogenic VOCs in indoor, which poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Bifunctional composite materials (BFCMs) have great application prospects...
To investigate the current status of sleep quality and influencing factors of clinical nurses in infectious disease hospitals, and to provide basis and reference for improving their sleep status and providing psychological support.Using convenience sampling method, clinical nurses from a tertiary hospital for infectious diseases were selected as the survey subjects in September 2021. General information questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Depression Screening Scale (PHQ-9) were used for questionnaire surveys, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the impact of decreased sleep quality in clinical nurses factor.A total of 460 questionnaires were returned, of which 442 were valid, effective rate is 96.09%. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score of 442 clinical nurses was 7.07 ± 2.14, of which 60 (13.57%) had sleep disorders; the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) score was 4.77 ± 3.50, of which 182 (41.18%) had varying degrees of anxiety; The score of PHQ-9 was 5.95 ± 3.79, of which 187 (42.31%) had different degrees of depressive symptoms. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis which involved PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores showed that: both the PHQ-9 score and the GAD-7 score were positively correlated with the sleep quality score, and the PHQ-9 score increased every time 1 point, sleep quality score increased by 0.239 points; GAD-7 score increased by 1 point, sleep quality score increased by 0.150 points. The overall model test (F = 109.760, P < 0.001) regression model is meaningful.Decreased sleep quality is common among clinical nurses in infectious disease hospitals, and the sleep status of nurses is positively correlated with anxiety and depression. Nursing managers pay attention to sleep quality of clinical nurses in infectious disease hospitals and carry out effective interventions to improve the sleep quality of nurses.
Abstract The discrimination and detection of phosphate anions have attracted extensive attention due to their important roles in various biological processes. Compared with sensors to detect one individual phosphate at a time, sensor arrays are able to discriminate multiple phosphates simultaneously. In this study, we developed a rare earth ions enhanced AuNCs‐based sensor array to achieve facile and rapid identification of phosphate anions (PPi, ADP and ATP). The rare earth ions (i. e., Ce 3+ , Gd 3+ , Tm 3+ and Yb 3+ ) can significantly enhance the fluorescence of AuNCs through aggregation‐induced emission effect. And the subsequent addition of phosphate anions can recover the fluorescence of the AuNCs‐rare earth ions assembly. Thanks to the different numbers of phosphate group and different steric hindrance effects of phosphate anions, the recovery fluorescence of AuNCs‐rare earth ions assembly induced by PPi, ADP or ATP are respectively distinct. Thus the sensor array composed of AuNCs and different rare earth ions is able to distinguish those phosphate anions. Finally, the sensor array was successfully demonstrated to identify the phosphates in blind samples.
The rice pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae causes severe losses to rice production. Previous studies have shown that the protein kinase MoCK2 is essential for pathogenesis, and this ubiquitous eukaryotic protein kinase might affect several processes in the fungus that are needed for infection. To better understand which cellular processes are affected by MoCK2 activity, we performed a detailed transcriptome sequencing analysis of deletions of the MoCK2 b1 and b2 components in relation to the background strain Ku80 and connected this analysis with the abundance of substrates for proteins in a previous pulldown of the essential CKa subunit of CK2 to estimate the effects on proteins directly interacting with CK2. The results showed that MoCK2 seriously affected carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the related transporters and reduced acetyl-CoA production. CK2 phosphorylation can affect the folding of proteins and especially the effective formation of protein complexes by intrinsically disordered or mitochondrial import by destabilizing soluble alpha helices. The upregulated genes found in the pulldown of the b1 and b2 mutants indicate that proteins directly interacting with CK2 are compensatorily upregulated depending on their pulldown. A similar correlation was found for mitochondrial proteins. Taken together, the classes of proteins and the changes in regulation in the b1 and b2 mutants suggest that CK2 has a central role in mitochondrial metabolism, secondary metabolism, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) resistance, in addition to its previously suggested role in the formation of new ribosomes, all of which are processes central to efficient nonself responses as innate immunity. IMPORTANCE The protein kinase CK2 is highly expressed and essential for plants, animals, and fungi, affecting fatty acid-related metabolism. In addition, it directly affects the import of essential mitochondrial proteins into mitochondria. These effects mean that CK2 is essential for lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function and, as shown previously, is crucial for making new translation machinery proteins. Taken together, our new results combined with previously reported results indicate that CK2 is an essential protein necessary for the capacities to launch efficient innate immunity responses and withstand the negative effects of such responses necessary for general resistance against invading bacteria and viruses as well as to interact with plants, withstand plant immunity responses, and kill plant cells.
Abstract Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI 3 ) perovskite has lately surfaced as the preferred contender for highly proficient and robust perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to its favorable bandgap and superior thermal stability. Nevertheless, volatilization and migration of iodide ions (I − ) result in non‐radiating recombination centers, and the presence of large formamidine (FA) cations tends to cause lattice strain, thereby reducing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs. To solve these problems, the lead formate (PbFa) is added into the perovskite solution, which effectively mitigates the halogen vacancy and provides tensile strain outside the perovskite lattice, thereby enhancing its properties. The strong coordination between the C═O of HCOO − and Pb–I backbones effectively immobilizes anions, significantly increases the energy barrier for anion vacancy formation and migration, and reduces the risk of lead ion (Pb 2+ ) leakage, thereby improving the operation and environmental safety of the device. Consequently, the champion PCE of devices with Ag electrodes can be increased from 22.15% to 24.32%. The unencapsulated PSCs can still maintain 90% of the original PCE even be stored in an N 2 atmosphere for 1440 h. Moreover, the target devices have significantly improved performance in terms of light exposure, heat, or humidity.
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