This study summarized the role of inflammation in the early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Elevation of cytokines, activation of MMPs and phosphorylation of MAPK contributes to neuronal apoptosis and brain edema. Anti-inflammation may be potential strategy for the prevention and suppression of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Background: The Novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan (China) during December 2019, has spread to the rest of the world until now (July 2020). COVID-19 infections are more prevalent in developed countries rather than in the fast-developing, and underdeveloped countries. Now novel COVID-19 infection is a global health problem. In a fast-developing country like India, the incidence of coronavirus infections is increasing day by day. The fifth phase of lockdown has started in India to reduce the incidence of infection.Purpose: The purpose of this study of the impact of lockdown on the India’s environment, according to the literature survey from various research papers, news, social networking, government data (websites), etc., indicates that the lockdown helping to reduce transit in India and at the same time has a great impact on reduced pollution such as air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, etc., thus improving the balance of the environment after March 2020 onwards.Methods: In this work, we have used an online method using various online sources, which has mainly surveyed some important cities in India, have also studied the factors such as air pollution, river pollution, land pollution, etc. and its impact on Indian environment.Results: According to an online survey, lockdown has had a significant impact on the Indian environment, reducing the number of vehicles on the road that improving air quality, reducing river pollution, and having a positive impact on various fields. Lockdown has been very beneficial to the environment.Conclusions: The observations from various parts of the sources show that reduced pollution has also reduced the number of patients in hospitals, mainly jaundice (yellow fever), chikungunya, typhoid, respiratory diseases, etc. This review article explains the brief analysis of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on India’s environment.
Graduate and post graduate students find much more difficulty during the concept of the balancing redox chemical equation in acidic or basic medium. Teachers are well aware of the importance of the balancing redox chemical equation in both medium and also teaching difficulty associated with it. In an attempt to improving the understanding of the balancing the redox chemical equation with reduced difficulty, a mathematical approach that provides easier understanding has been developed and successfully employed in graduate and post graduate students. In this study, relation between an oxidising agent (Oxidant) and reducing agent (reductant) can be employed in redox chemical titration, using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is an oxidant itself act as the indicator, during the titration of Cr (III) ion, as reducing agent with KMnO4, the second titration oxidation of H2O2, is used as a reducing agent against the KMnO4. Data obtained from titrations will lead to balancing each redox chemical equation in an acidic or basic medium.
An update of published clinical advances in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage was provided. Searching MEDLINE using the search terms "cerebral vasospasm" and "clinical trials" 46 papers were identified that had been published since the International Conference on Cerebral Vasospasm in Istanbul, Turkey in 2006. Of these 26 were either safety studies or case reports leaving 20 papers for consideration. The major topics covered were calcium antagonists, magnesium sulphate, statins, and fasudil hydrochloride. The studies published did not reach an impact justified recommended routine use, but certainly as options. Results of the CONSCIOUS trials on endothelin receptor antagonists are awaited.
Concentration of solutions issues are among the foremost necessary and at that time one amongst the foremost difficult topics in general chemistry. The aim of this study is to work out the concentration of the solutions in the mole concept and stoichiometry that students typically performing the calculations associated with concentration such as molarity, normality etc. The study concerned school and under graduate students have learned the ideas of mole and concentration of solutions before the study. Mastery of the mole concept thought is foundational to understanding concentration of solutions. Specifically, students faced difficulties understanding the utilization. In this paper the scarcity of simple mathematical treatment to understanding the preparation of a concentration solutions viz. Molar, Normal etc. thought seemed to lead students to suppose the utilization of the simple mathematical formulae and steps to resolve the queries.
The continuation of a review of delayed vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, originally published in 1994 and partially updated at the ninth vasospasm conference in Turkey, is presented. Further online and physical searches have been made of the relevant literature. The incidence of delayed ischaemic deficit (DID) or symptomatic vasospasm reported in 1994 was 32.5% in over 30,000 reported cases. In recent years, 1994–2009, it was 6,775/23,806, or 28.5%. Many of the recent reports did not specify whether a calcium antagonist was used routinely, and when this was stated (usually nimodipine or nicardipine), DID was noted in 22.0% of 10,739 reported patients. The outcome of delayed ischaemia in the earlier survey was a death rate of 31.6%, with favourable outcomes in 36.2%. In recent reports, though with fewer than 1,000 patients, the outcome is possibly better, with death in 25.6% and good outcome in 54.1%. It thus appears likely that delayed vasospasm is still common but less so, and that the overall outcome has improved. This may be due to the more widespread use of calcium antagonists and more effective fluid management. A number of other mechanical and drug treatments are also mentioned.
Women in rural areas are considered to be the main catalyst for progress in every field of economic
transformation, social and environmental change for sustainable development. But they have to deal with credit, it is necessary to provide some of the important facilities such as health care, security, education, etc. In which it is very important to organize skill development programs to build the credibility of women in every sector. Skill development is not a separate phenomenon, skilled human resources are absolutely essential for the all-inclusive growth of rural women. Skills Development should be an integral part of education. Lack of education and lack of skills is a disease that has spread across the country mostly in rural parts. It is considered an important factor to overcome the current situation. In this paper, we have summarized some of the factors by gathering information from various sources such as Government websites, newspapers, social media, etc., mainly to study the catalytic role of rural women in skills education, a brief overview of what factors are responsible for this and how they can be reduced
OBJECTIVE: To employ digital subtraction (DS) myelography to localize the site of spinal dural cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. BACKGROUND: Conventional imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) myelogram and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are limited by lack of temporal resolution in precise localization of dural tears. Rapid and voluminous CSF leaks also present a problem while using these conventional methods. DESIGN/METHODS: Our interventional neurology team performed DS myelography in 37 year old male with history of migraines who presented with sudden onset intractable neck pain, stiffness and positional headache suggestive of CSF leak. DS myelography was performed using an SL 10 microcatheter inserted over an Agility 14 microwire under fluoroscopy through a micropuncture sheath advanced into the thecal sac using 20 gauge lumbar puncture needle. The catheter and wire were repositioned whenever the patient complained of pain secondary to impingement upon the nerve roots. The SL 10 catheter was advanced carefully in the subarachnoid space to the T9 vertebral level with planned DS angiography. RESULTS: Initial investigations including CSF analysis, CT and MR imaging, and NM cisternogram were inconclusive to ascertain other etiologies such as infection and hemorrhage and also were unhelpful in localizing the site of CSF leak. Patient did not show any improvement after an empiric lumbar blood patch. Subsequently, DS angiography revealed extravasation of omnipaque contrast from the ventral surface of the thecal sac into the epidural space at T10 vertebral level. Consequently, a thoracic epidural blood patch was done which sealed the CSF leak and completely alleviated symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Digital subtraction myelography is a valuable diagnostic tool for localization of rapid spinal CSF leaks. It is relatively safe and can be performed with ease in patients who have clinical presentation of spinal dural tears that cannot be identified with conventional imaging modalities. Disclosure: Dr. Gupte has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jadhav has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jagadeesan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tummala has nothing to disclose.
