Balbir Singh

Max Healthcare

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Janet Cox‐Singh

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

Khamisah Abdul Kadir

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

Upendra Kaul

Batra Hospital and Medical Research Centre

Paul C. S. Divis

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

Asmad Matusop

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

David J. Conway

London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Tapan Ghose

Fortis Flt. Lt. Rajan Dhall Hospital

Dayang Shuaisah Awang Mohamad

Sunway University

Rakesh Sapra

Fortis Escorts Heart Institute

Timothy M. E. Davis

Fremantle Hospital

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Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation

2,559

University of Washington

2,452

KLE Society Hospital

1,386

Sir Ganga Ram Hospital

1,365

University College London

699

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

491

University of Sydney

397

St George's, University of London

384

Thrombosis Research Institute

365

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

336

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Malaria parasites in macaques in Thailand: stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) are new natural hosts for Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium inui, Plasmodium coatneyi and Plasmodium fieldi

Malaria Journal (2020)

Wirasak Fungfuang Chanya Udom Daraka Tongthainan Khamisah Abdul Kadir Balbir Singh

Abstract Background Certain species of macaques are natural hosts of Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi , which can both cause malaria in humans, and Plasmodium inui, which can be experimentally transmitted to humans. A significant number of zoonotic malaria cases have been reported in humans throughout Southeast Asia, including Thailand. There have been only two studies undertaken in Thailand to identify malaria parasites in non-human primates in 6 provinces. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui, Plasmodium coatneyi and Plasmodium fieldi in non-human primates from 4 new locations in Thailand. Methods A total of 93 blood samples from Macaca fascicularis , Macaca leonina and Macaca arctoides were collected from four locations in Thailand: 32 were captive M. fascicularis from Chachoengsao Province (CHA), 4 were wild M. fascicularis from Ranong Province (RAN), 32 were wild M. arctoides from Prachuap Kiri Khan Province (PRA), and 25 were wild M. leonina from Nakornratchasima Province (NAK). DNA was extracted from these samples and analysed by nested PCR assays to detect Plasmodium, and subsequently to detect P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi , P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldi . Results Twenty-seven of the 93 (29%) samples were Plasmodium -positive by nested PCR assays. Among wild macaques, all 4 M . fascicularis at RAN were infected with malaria parasites followed by 50% of 32 M . arctoides at PRA and 20% of 25 M . leonina at NAK. Only 2 (6.3%) of the 32 captive M. fascicularis at CHA were malaria-positive. All 5 species of Plasmodium were detected and 16 (59.3%) of the 27 macaques had single infections, 9 had double and 2 had triple infections. The composition of Plasmodium species in macaques at each sampling site was different. Macaca arctoides from PRA were infected with P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi , P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldi . Conclusions The prevalence and species of Plasmodium varied among the wild and captive macaques, and between macaques at 4 sampling sites in Thailand. Macaca arctoides is a new natural host for P. knowlesi, P. inui, P. coatneyi and P. fieldi.

Plasmodium knowlesi

Plasmodium (life cycle)

Plasmodium malariae

Plasmodium ovale

Natural reservoir

Parasitology

10.1186/s12936-020-03424-0

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Citations (40)

Human Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Ranong province, southwestern border of Thailand

Malaria Journal (2012)

Natthawan Sermwittayawong Balbir Singh Mitsuaki Nishibuchi Nongyao Sawangjaroen Varaporn Vuddhakul

Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite, has been reported in humans in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, most of the limited numbers of cases reported so far were from areas near neighbouring countries, including Myanmar. Blood samples collected from 171 Thai and 248 Myanmese patients attending a malaria clinic in Ranong province, Thailand, located near the Myanmar border were investigated for P. knowlesi using nested PCR assays. Positive samples were also investigated by PCR for Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale, and were confirmed by sequencing the gene encoding the circumsporozoite protein (csp). Two samples, one obtained from a Thai and the other a Myanmese, were positive for P. knowlesi only. Nucleotide sequences of the csp gene derived from these two patients were identical and phylogenetically indistinguishable from other P. knowlesi sequences derived from monkeys and humans. Both patients worked in Koh Song, located in the Kawthoung district of Myanmar, which borders Thailand. This study indicates that transmission of P. knowlesi is occurring in the Ranong province of Thailand or the Kawthoung district of Myanmar. Further studies are required to assess the incidence of knowlesi malaria and whether macaques in these areas are the source of the infections.

Plasmodium knowlesi

Parasitology

Tropical Medicine

10.1186/1475-2875-11-36

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Citations (72)

Implantation of Dual-Chamber Cardioverter-Defibrillator through Left Iliac Vein in a Patient with Occluded Superior Vena Cava.

PubMed (2008)

T.S. Kler Balbir Singh Ashok Gupta Kartikeya Bhargava

Thoracotomy

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Arrhythmia and Time of Day in Maintenance Hemodialysis: Secondary Analysis of the Monitoring in Dialysis Study

Kidney Medicine (2024)

Qandeel H. Soomro Bruce A. Koplan Alexandru Costea Prabir Roy‐Chaudhury James A. Tumlin

Rationale & ObjectiveThe incidence of arrhythmia varies by time of day. How this impacts individuals on maintenance dialysis is uncertain. Our objective was to quantify the relationship of arrhythmia with the time of day and the timing of dialysis.Study DesignSecondary analysis of Monitoring in Dialysis study- a multicenter prospective cohort study.Settings & ParticipantsLoop recorders were implanted for continuous cardiac monitoring in 66 participants on maintenance dialysis with a follow up of 6 months.ExposureTime of day based on 6-hour intervalsOutcomesEvent rates of clinically significant arrhythmiaAnalytical ApproachNegative binomial mixed effects regression models for repeated measures were used to evaluate data from the Monitoring in Dialysis study for differences in diurnal patterns of clinically significant arrhythmia among those with end stage kidney disease with heart failure and end stage kidney disease alone. We additionally analyzed rates according to presence of heart failure, time of dialysis shift, and dialysis vs. non dialysis day.ResultsRates of clinically significant arrhythmia peaked between 0:00 AM-<6:00 AM and were more than 1.5-fold as frequent during this interval compared with the rest of the day. In contrast, variations in atrial fibrillation peaked between 6:00 AM-<12: PM, but variations across the day were qualitatively small. Clinically significant arrhythmia occurred at numerically higher rate in individuals with end stage kidney disease and heart failure (5.9 events/month, 95% CI: 1.3-26.8) than those without heart failure (4.0 events/month, 95% CI: 0.9-17.9). Although differences in overall rate were not significant, their periodicity was significantly different (P<0.001) with a peak between 0:00 AM-6:00 AM with kidney failure alone and between 6:00 AM-<12:00 PM in those with heart failure. Although the overall clinically significant arrhythmia rate was similar with morning compared with evening dialysis shifts (P=0.43), their periodicity differed with a peak between 0:00 AM-<6:00 AM in those with AM dialysis and a later peak between 6:00 AM-<12:00 PM in those with PM shiftsLimitationsPost hoc analysis, unable to account for unmeasured confoundersConclusionClinically significant arrhythmias showed strong diurnal patterns with a maximal peak between 0:00-<6:00 AM and noon. Although overall arrhythmia rates were similar the peak rate occurred overnight in individuals without heart failure and during the morning in individuals with heart failure. Further exploration of the influence of circadian rhythm on arrhythmia in the setting of hemodialysis is needed.

10.1016/j.xkme.2024.100799

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Citations (2)

Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Biliary Atresia: a Single-Center Experience with First 30 Cases

Indian Journal of Surgery (2020)

Balbir Singh Rajiv Maharaj Venugopal Nair Dharmesh Kapoor Prashant Nageswara Rao Bachina

Perforation

Liver disease

10.1007/s12262-020-02194-y

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Orangutans Not Infected withPlasmodium vivaxorP. cynomolgi, Indonesia

Emerging infectious diseases (2009)

Balbir Singh Paul C. S. Divis

Abstract After orangutans in Indonesia were reported as infected with Plasmodium cynomolgi and P. vivax, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences of Plasmodium spp. We found that these orangutans are not hosts of P. cynomolgi and P. vivax. Analysis of >1 genes is needed to identify Plasmodium spp. infecting orangutans.

Plasmodium (life cycle)

10.3201/eid1510.090364

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Citations (13)

Beta myosin heavy chain gene mutations in hypertrophic, dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathy patients

Taranjit Singh Ajay Bahl Mr Himanshu Bhardwaj Balbir Singh Madhu Khullar

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

MYH6

Heavy chain

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A genetic comparison of two alleged subspecies of Philippine cynomolgus macaques

American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2014)

David Glenn Smith Jillian Ng Debra George Jessica Satkoski Trask Paul Houghton

ABSTRACT Two subspecies of cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) are alleged to co‐exist in the Philippines, M. f. philippensis in the north and M. f. fascicularis in the south. However, genetic differences between the cynomolgus macaques in the two regions have never been studied to document the propriety of their subspecies status. We genotyped samples of cynomolgus macaques from Batangas in southwestern Luzon and Zamboanga in southwestern Mindanao for 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci and sequenced an 835 bp fragment of the mtDNA of these animals. The STR genotypes were compared with those of cynomolgus macaques from southern Sumatra, Singapore, Mauritius and Cambodia, and the mtDNA sequences of both Philippine populations were compared with those of cynomolgus macaques from southern Sumatra, Indonesia and Sarawak, Malaysia. We conducted STRUCTURE and PCA analyses based on the STRs and constructed a median joining network based on the mtDNA sequences. The Philippine population from Batangas exhibited much less genetic diversity and greater genetic divergence from all other populations, including the Philippine population from Zamboanga. Sequences from both Batangas and Zamboanga were most closely related to two different mtDNA haplotypes from Sarawak from which they are apparently derived. Those from Zamboanga were more recently derived than those from Batangas, consistent with their later arrival in the Philippines. However, clustering analyses do not support a sufficient genetic distinction of cynomolgus macaques from Batangas from other regional populations assigned to subspecies M. f. fascicularis to warrant the subspecies distinction M. f. philippensis . Am J Phys Anthropol 155:136–148, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Subspecies

Genetic divergence

10.1002/ajpa.22564

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Citations (19)

Spontaneous splenic rupture in Plasmodium knowlesi malaria

Malaria Journal (2018)

Chee Yik Chang Wei Chieng Pui Khamisah Abdul Kadir Balbir Singh

Plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite typically found in long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques, is the most common cause of human malaria in Malaysian Borneo. Infections in humans result in a spectrum of disease, including fatal outcomes. Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare, but severe complication of malaria and has not been reported previously for knowlesi malaria. A 46-year-old man presented with fever and acute surgical abdomen with concomitant P. knowlesi malaria infection at Kapit Hospital. He was in compensated shock upon arrival to the hospital. He had generalized abdominal tenderness, maximal at the epigastric region. Bedside focused abdominal ultrasonography revealed free fluid in the abdomen. He underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy in view of haemodynamic instability and worsening peritonism. Intraoperatively, haemoperitoneum and bleeding from the spleen was noted. Splenectomy was performed. Histopathological examination findings were suggestive of splenic rupture and presence of malarial pigment. Analysis of his blood sample by nested PCR assays confirmed P. knowlesi infection. The patient completed a course of anti-malarial treatment and recovered well post-operation. Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare complication of malaria. This is the first reported case of splenic rupture in P. knowlesi malaria infection. Detection of such a complication requires high index of clinical suspicion and is extremely challenging in hospitals with limited resources.

Plasmodium knowlesi

Exploratory laparotomy

10.1186/s12936-018-2600-2

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Citations (19)

Treatment with rifampicin forPneumocystis cariniipneumonia

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics (1984)

Balbir Singh R. Scott Jones

SUMMARYThe role of rifampicin in the treatment of serologically proved Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was reported recently from Poland (1). Serum antibody or antigen levels alone provide uncertain evidence as by four years of age two-thirds of normal children may have significant titres (2). We present the first case treated with rifampicin, and proven by open lung biopsy.

Pneumonitis

Pneumocystosis

Pneumocystis pneumonia

10.1080/02724936.1984.11748306

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Citations (1)