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Alexander Buschmann

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

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Julian Gutt

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Rainer Sieger

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Alexandra Segelken-Voigt

Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg

Hannes Grobe

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Dieter Piepenburg

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Amelie Driemel

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Stefanie Schumacher

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Josefino C. Comiso

Goddard Space Flight Center

Thomas J. Bracegirdle

British Antarctic Survey

Nancy A. N. Bertler

GNS Science

Cooperative Institutions

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

John Wiley & Sons (United Kingdom)

John Wiley & Sons (United States)

British Antarctic Survey

Kiel University

Fundación Biodiversidad

Cambridge University Press

Natural Environment Research Council

Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg

University of Edinburgh

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Seabed images from Southern Ocean shelf regions off the northern Antarctic Peninsula and in the southeastern Weddell Sea

Earth system science data (2017)

Dieter Piepenburg Alexander Buschmann Amelie Driemel Hannes Grobe Julian Gutt

Abstract. Recent advances in underwater imaging technology allow for the gathering of invaluable scientific information on seafloor ecosystems, such as direct in situ views of seabed habitats and quantitative data on the composition, diversity, abundance, and distribution of epibenthic fauna. The imaging approach has been extensively used within the research project DynAMo (Dynamics of Antarctic Marine Shelf Ecosystems) at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven (AWI), which aimed to comparatively assess the pace and quality of the dynamics of Southern Ocean benthos. Within this framework, epibenthic spatial distribution patterns have been comparatively investigated in two regions in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean: the shelf areas off the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, representing a region with above-average warming of surface waters and sea-ice reduction, and the shelves of the eastern Weddell Sea as an example of a stable high-Antarctic marine environment that is not (yet) affected by climate change. The AWI Ocean Floor Observation System (OFOS) was used to collect seabed imagery during two cruises of the German research vessel Polarstern, ANT-XXIX/3 (PS81) to the Antarctic Peninsula from January to March 2013 and ANT-XXXI/2 (PS96) to the Weddell Sea from December 2015 to February 2016. Here, we report on the image and data collections gathered during these cruises. During PS81, OFOS was successfully deployed at a total of 31 stations at water depths between 29 and 784 m. At most stations, series of 500 to 530 pictures ( > 15 000 in total, each depicting a seabed area of approximately 3.45 m2 or 2.3 × 1.5 m) were taken along transects approximately 3.7 km in length. During PS96, OFOS was used at a total of 13 stations at water depths between 200 and 754 m, yielding series of 110 to 293 photos (2670 in total) along transects 0.9 to 2.6 km in length. All seabed images taken during the two cruises, including metadata, are available from the data publisher PANGAEA via the two persistent identifiers at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.872719 (for PS81) and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.862097 (for PS96).

Seabed

Marine ecosystem

Peninsula

Iceberg

Seafloor Spreading

10.5194/essd-9-461-2017

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Citations (10)

Biodiversity and community structure of the mega-epibenthos in the Magellan area (South America)

Scientia Marina (1999)

Julian Gutt Elisabeth Helsen Wolf Arntz Alexander Buschmann

Epibenthic communites have been investigated at 55 stations in the Magellan region by underwater photography at water depths between 15 and 430m.Five species assemblages were identified of which the two shallow and the two deep ones in the channel system differed considerably in abundance, number of taxa, diversity and species composition.The dominant systematic group of the shallow assemblages were ascidians.In one of these assemblages decapod crustaceans, in the other mainly sessile suspension feeders e.g.sponges, anthozoans and bryozoans were the characteristic taxa.In the deeper assemblages echinoderms were most abundant.The fifth assemblage, consisting of several offshore stations south of the eastern entrance of the Beagle, was more similar to the shallow stations in the channel system in terms of dominant life forms.Various hypotheses were confirmed or rejected: The benthos at the deeper stations in the channel system was not more homogeneous than at the shallow stations.At both the channel and the offshore stations filter feeders were most dominant whereas at the bottom of the channels deposit feeders were more abundant.Differences between the wide Straits of Magellan and the narrow and steep Beagle Channel were not very distinct.The benthic assemblages inside the channel system did not differ considerably from the assemblage outside the channel system with the exception of the stations close to the continental slope of the Atlantic.Differences due to Pacific or Atlantic influences were not recognisable.The biological patterns could best be explained by the environmental parameters water depth, occurrence of soft sediment and biogenic debris.

Mega-

10.3989/scimar.1999.63s1155

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Citations (49)

ROV Station map of POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XV/3 (PS48)

EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA (2016)

Alexander Buschmann

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Citations (0)

Cruise track and station map of POLARSTERN cruise ARK-I/1

EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA (2015)

Alexander Buschmann

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Citations (0)

Seabed images from Southern Ocean shelf regions off the northern Antarctic Peninsula and in the southeastern Weddell Sea

Dieter Piepenburg Alexander Buschmann Amelie Driemel Hannes Grobe Julian Gutt

Abstract. Recent advances in underwater imaging technology allow for gathering invaluable scientific information on sea- floor ecosystems, such as direct in-situ views of seabed habitats and quantitative data on composition, diversity, abundance and distribution of epibenthic fauna. The imaging approach has been extensively used within the research project Dynamics of Antarctic Marine Shelf Ecosystems (DynAMo) of the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven (AWI), which aimed to comparatively assess the pace and quality of the dynamics of Southern Ocean benthos. Within this framework, epibenthic spatial distribution patterns have been comparatively investigated in two regions of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, the shelf areas off the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, representing a region with above-average warming of surface waters and sea-ice reduction, and the shelves of the eastern Weddell Sea, as an example of a stable high-Antarctic marine environment that is not (yet) affected by climate change. The Ocean Floor Observation System (OFOS) of the AWI was used to collect seabed imagery during two cruises of the German research vessel Polarstern, ANT-XXIX/3 (PS81) to the Antarctic Peninsula in January–March 2013 and ANT-XXXI/2 (PS96) to the Weddell Sea from December 2015 to February 2016. Here, we report on the image and data collections gathered during these cruises. During PS81, OFOS was successfully deployed at a total of 31 stations at water depths between 29 and 784 m. At most stations, series of 500 to 530 pictures (> 15,000 in total, each depicting a seabed area of approx. 3.45 m2 (= 2.3 m × 1.5 m)) were taken along transects of approx. 3.7 km length. During PS96, OFOS was used at a total of 13 stations at water depths between 200 and 754 m, yielding series of 110 to 293 photos (2,670 in total) along transects of 0.9 to 2.6 km length. All seabed images taken during the two cruises, including metadata, are available from the data publisher PANGAEA via the two persistent identifiers doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.872719 (for PS81) and doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.862097 (for PS96).

Seabed

Peninsula

Marine ecosystem

Iceberg

10.5194/essd-2017-18

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Citations (0)

ROV Station map of POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XIII/3 (PS39)

EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA (2016)

Alexander Buschmann

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Citations (0)

Cruise track of POLARSTERN cruise ANT-VI/1

EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA (2015)

Alexander Buschmann

Cruise missile

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Station map of James Clark Ross cruise JR37

EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA (2015)

Alexander Buschmann

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OFOS Station map of POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIX/3 (PS81)

EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA (2015)

Alexander Buschmann

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The Southern Ocean ecosystem under multiple climate change stresses ‐ an integrated circumpolar assessment

Global Change Biology (2014)

Julian Gutt Nancy A. N. Bertler Thomas J. Bracegirdle Alexander Buschmann Josefino C. Comiso

A quantitative assessment of observed and projected environmental changes in the Southern Ocean (SO) with a potential impact on the marine ecosystem shows: (i) large proportions of the SO are and will be affected by one or more climate change processes; areas projected to be affected in the future are larger than areas that are already under environmental stress, (ii) areas affected by changes in sea-ice in the past and likely in the future are much larger than areas affected by ocean warming. The smallest areas (<1% area of the SO) are affected by glacier retreat and warming in the deeper euphotic layer. In the future, decrease in the sea-ice is expected to be widespread. Changes in iceberg impact resulting from further collapse of ice-shelves can potentially affect large parts of shelf and ephemerally in the off-shore regions. However, aragonite undersaturation (acidification) might become one of the biggest problems for the Antarctic marine ecosystem by affecting almost the entire SO. Direct and indirect impacts of various environmental changes to the three major habitats, sea-ice, pelagic and benthos and their biota are complex. The areas affected by environmental stressors range from 33% of the SO for a single stressor, 11% for two and 2% for three, to <1% for four and five overlapping factors. In the future, areas expected to be affected by 2 and 3 overlapping factors are equally large, including potential iceberg changes, and together cover almost 86% of the SO ecosystem.

Biota

Marine ecosystem

Environmental change

Iceberg

Marine protected area

Ocean Acidification

10.1111/gcb.12794

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Citations (203)