Mark T. Young

University of Edinburgh

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Stephen L. Brusatte

University of Edinburgh

Davide Foffa

Virginia Tech

Lorna Steel

Natural History Museum

Marco B D Andrade

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul

Sven Sachs

Museum für Naturkunde

Yanina Herrera

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Michela M. Johnson

Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart

Lawrence M. Witmer

Ohio University

Julia A. Schwab

University of Edinburgh

Stig Walsh

National Museums Scotland

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Natural History Museum

American Museum of Natural History

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Real Jardín Botánico

Sorbonne Université

Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle

Weatherford College

École Pratique des Hautes Études

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The taxonomic impediment: a shortage of taxonomists, not the lack of technical approaches

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (2021)

Michael S. Engel Luis M. P. Ceríaco GIMO M. DANIEL Pablo M. Dellapé Ivan Löbl

Economic shortage

10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab072

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Citations (230)

Re-description of two contemporaneous mesorostrine teleosauroids (Crocodylomorpha: Thalattosuchia) from the Bathonian of England and insights into the early evolution of Machimosaurini

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (2019)

Michela M. Johnson Mark T. Young Stephen L. Brusatte

Abstract Teleosauroidea was a clade of successful, morphologically diverse, ancient crocodylomorphs that were integral in coastal marine/lagoonal environments during the Jurassic. Within Teleosauroidea, the macrophagous/durophagous tribe Machimosaurini evolved specialized feeding strategies (e.g. hypertrophied jaw musculature and blunt, heavily ornamented dentition) and large body sizes (> 7 m), becoming an important component of Middle and Late Jurassic ecosystems. These ocean-dwelling giants are well known from the Callovian (Lemmysuchus) of Europe and the UK, and from the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian (Machimosaurus) of Europe and northern Africa. There are reports of fragmentary machimosaurin material from the Bathonian of Africa, but the overall Bathonian teleosauroid material is poorly understood. While multiple specimens were described during the 19th and 20th centuries, little research has been done since. Here we re-describe two historically important Bathonian species from near Oxford, UK. We demonstrate that both ‘Steneosaurus’ larteti and ‘Steneosaurus’ boutilieri are valid taxa and we establish neotypes for both species and two new genera, Deslongchampsina and Yvridiosuchus. Our cladistic analysis finds Yvridiosuchus boutilieri as a basal member of Machimosaurini and Deslongchampsina lartetito be closely related to Steneosaurus heberti. Interestingly, four distinct teleosauroid ecomorphotypes are present in the Bathonian of Europe and teleosauroid ecomorphological diversity continued throughout the Callovian and Kimmeridgian/Tithonian in Europe and England.

Tribe

Tetrapod (structure)

10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz037

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The braincase and inner ear of ‘Metriorhynchus’ cf. ‘M.’ brachyrhynchus – implications for aquatic sensory adaptations in crocodylomorphs

Figshare (2021)

Julia A. Schwab Mark T. Young Yanina Herrera Lawrence M. Witmer Stig Walsh

During their long evolutionary history crocodylomorphs achieved a great diversity of body sizes, ecomorphotypes and inferred feeding ecologies. One unique group of crocodylomorphs are the thalattosuchians, which lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous (ca. 191–125 Ma). They transitioned from shallow marine species, like teleosauroids, into fully pelagic forms with paddle shaped limbs and a vertically orientated tail fluke, the metriorhynchids. The osteological adaptations that allowed metriorhynchids to live in the water are generally well understood, but less is known about their neurosensory and endocranial systems, such as the brain, inner ears, sinuses and cranial nerves and how they relate to their aquatic lifestyle. Based on micro-computed tomography (μCT) data and three-dimensional models, we here describe the braincase and endocranial anatomy of a fully marine metriorhynchid, ‘Metriorhynchus’ cf. ‘M.’ brachyrhynchus (NHMUK PV OR 32617). We found several neuroanatomical features that likely helped this species function in its marine environment. These include a unique flexure in the brain endocast not seen in other thalattosuchians. Other features that have previously been seen in thalattosuchians include enlarged cerebral hemispheres, a hypertrophied venous sinus system, enlarged internal carotid arteries and foramina, and closed/absent lateral pharyngotympanic foramina. The specimen also possesses a pelagic metriorhynchid bony labyrinth morphology, with a compact and dorsoventrally short shape, thick semicircular canals, an enlarged vestibule and potentially a short cochlear duct. A review of character distribution confirms that some of these features evolved at the base of Thalattosuchia in semiaquatic species, long before metriorhynchids became pelagic, suggesting that endocranial anatomy helped allow metriorhynchoids colonize the ocean realm.

10.6084/m9.figshare.14748134

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What is Geosaurus? Redescription of Geosaurus giganteus (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Bayern, Germany

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (2009)

Mark T. Young Marco B D Andrade

The holotype and referred specimens of Geosaurus giganteus, a metriorhynchid crocodile from the Tithonian (Upper Jurassic) of Germany, is redescribed, along with a historical overview of the genus and species. This taxon is unique among metriorhynchids as its serrated, strongly lateromedially compressed dentition is arranged as opposing blades, suggesting it was adapted to efficiently slice through fleshy prey. A new phylogenetic analysis of Crocodylomorpha is presented, which finds G. giganteus to be nested within what is currently considered Dakosaurus, whereas the other species currently assigned to Geosaurus form a clade with Enaliosuchus and the holotype of Cricosaurus. The phyletic relationship of G. giganteus with other metriorhynchids indicates that the current definition of the genus Geosaurus is polyphyletic, and that the inclusion of subsequent longirostrine species to this genus is in error. The re-analysis presented herein demonstrates Geosaurus to be composed of three species sensu stricto. The appropriate taxonomic amendments to the Metriorhynchidae are also provided.

Polyphyly

Phyletic gradualism

Sensu

10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00536.x

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Citations (159)

Supplementary table 1 from Thermophysiologies of Jurassic marine crocodylomorphs inferred from the oxygen isotope composition of their tooth apatite

Figshare (2019)

Nicolas Séon Romain Amiot Jeremy E. Martin Mark T. Young Heather Middleton

Oxygen isotope compositions of reptiles and fish phosphate are reported along with their corresponding oxygen and carbon isotope composition of apatite carbonate, carbonate content, sample origin and identification.

Table (database)

10.6084/m9.figshare.11316644

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Re-description of a putative Early Cretaceous "teleosaurid" from France, with implications for the survival of metriorhynchids and teleosaurids across the Jurassic-Cretaceous Boundary Nouvelle description d'un « téléosauridé » hypothétique de France et implications sur la survie des métriorhynchidés et des téléosauridés au passage Jurassique-Crétacé

Mark T. Young Marco B D Andrade Jean‐Jacques Cornée Lorna Steel Davide Foffa

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Cranial biomechanics of Diplodocus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda): testing hypotheses of feeding behaviour in an extinct megaherbivore

The Science of Nature (2012)

Mark T. Young Emily J. Rayfield Casey M. Holliday Lawrence M. Witmer David J. Button

Biting

Sauropoda

Biomechanics

Stripping (fiber)

Bite force quotient

10.1007/s00114-012-0944-y

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Citations (62)

The Linz Zoocode project. Sixth report of activities (2022). Nomenclatural availability. 5. Optical disc publication

Bionomina (2022)

Alain Dubois Erna Aescht Panakkool Thamban Aneesh Luis M. P. Ceríaco GIMO M. DANIEL

This sixth report of activities of the Linz Zoocode Committee is devoted to the result of the enquiry launched by this Committee in 2021 about the status of new nomina and nomenclatural acts published so far on CD-ROMs. After a discussion of some problems of interpretation raised by Articles 8.4.2, 8.1.2 and 9.12 of the Code, we provide information about four periodicals (Pod@rcis, Snudebiller, Euscorpius and Palaeontologia Electronica) and an isolated paper originally published on CD-ROMs. Only two periodicals respected the Code’s requirements for nomenclatural promulgation of works on CD-ROMs before 2013, and therefore made new nomina and nomenclatural acts available through this mode of publication: Snudebiller for all its papers so published from 2000 to 2009 and for a few of its papers so published from 2010 to 2012; and Euscorpius for all its papers published from 2001 to 2012. All the other CD-ROM publications of new nomina and nomenclatural acts that we examined did not respect the Code’s criteria and are therefore nomenclaturally unavailable.

Promulgation

10.11646/bionomina.31.1.2

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The future of Historical Biology

Historical Biology (2025)

Mark T. Young

10.1080/08912963.2025.2471239

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The first definitive Middle Jurassic atoposaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Neosuchia), and a discussion on the genus Theriosuchus

Mark T. Young Jonathan Tennant Stephen L. Brusatte Thomas J. Challands Nicholas C. Fraser

Atoposaurids were a clade of semiaquatic crocodyliforms known from the Late Jurassic to the latest Cretaceous. Tentative remains from Europe, Morocco, and Madagascar may extend their range into the Middle Jurassic. Here we report the first unambiguous Middle Jurassic (late Bajocian–Bathonian) atoposaurid: an anterior dentary from the Isle of Skye, Scotland, UK. A comprehensive review of atoposaurid specimens demonstrates that this dentary can be referred to Theriosuchus based on several derived characters, and differs from the five previously recognized species within this genus. Despite several diagnostic features, we conservatively refer it to Theriosuchus sp., pending the discovery of more complete material. As the oldest known definitively diagnostic atoposaurid, this discovery indicates that the oldest members of this group were small-bodied, had heterodont dentition, and were most likely widespread components of European faunas. Our review of mandibular and dental features in atoposaurids not only allows us to present a revised diagnosis of Theriosuchus, but also reveals a great amount of variability within this genus, and indicates that there are currently five valid species that can be differentiated by unique combinations of dental characteristics. This variability can be included in future broad-scale cladistics analyses of atoposaurids and closely related crocodyliforms, which promise to help untangle the complicated taxonomy and evolutionary history of Atoposauridae.

10.31233/osf.io/fpbh5

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Citations (5)