The application of international custom in domestic courts is a contentious exercise. This paper examined the importance and applicability of the principle of non- refoulement in domestic courts. Discussion begins with the scrutiny of the formation of the principle as international custom. Next, it deals with the status of international customary law in the domestic legal framework of a dualist state with the analysis of the judicial response to attempt to invoke international custom in cases. The result shows that there are legal impediments that must be removed to enable meaningful application of the principle for the benefit of refugees.
Clinical Legal Education (CLE) is based on the idea that lawpractice requires thinking and doing. It is founded on thenotion of learning by doing in which law students gainlawyering skills by performing lawyering tasks andresponsibilities. This method gives students the opportunity towork on actual and simulated cases and solve legal problemssystematically. This paper discusses the implementation andapplication of CLE at the Faculty of Syariah And Law, UniversitiSains Islam Malaysia with emphasis on Problem-basedlearning, specifically relating to its process, model of PBLactivities, targeted skills, student assessment and studentfeedback. Discussion also covers benefit and challenges ofapplying CLE and PBL at the faculty. It discusses the experienceof the instructor in applying PBL in two courses. This papercomes up with suggestion on the application andimplementation of the method in a law school so that lawstudents can master practical legal skills in order to be moreemployable.
Securing tenure rights to land is recognized as an indicator to achieve the sustainable development goals as outlined in Agenda 2030. Land is an essential foundation for vulnerable indigenous peoples to maintain their livelihood and identity. By providing a case study of the Orang Asli Temuan in Negeri Sembilan on the customs, practices, use and traditions relating to land, drawn on the framework of common law jurisprudence on indigenous peoples' customary land, this paper illustrates the significance of land and its security for the communities. In particular, by using case study, this paper investigates the customary land of the Orang Asli in selected villages: Langkap in Kuala Pilah, Parit Gong in Jelebu and Bukit Kepong in Pasir Panjang. It is found that the Temuan Orang Asli regard the land and territory that they live in as belonging to their own community, and its maintenance based on Adat Perpatih is vital for the community and future generations. Within this territory, there are areas surrounding the settlement and agricultural areas that they regard as foraging areas which function as a buffer zone for community members. It is evident that the Orang Asli communities have their own "legal system" based on their customs and community system. The research findings are important to provide knowledge and understanding of the communities and their practices, which may pave the way towards changes in laws and policies to better protect these peoples, consistent with sustainable development goals.
Safe and healthy workplace constitutes fundamental human rights that need to be ensured through a defined system of rights, laws and regulations. As such, the dangerous, difficult, and dirty (3D) job sectors require laws and regulations that guarantee a safe and healthy working environment. The absence of these laws will lead to multiple form of exploitation of employees, violation of rights, exposure to hazardous work and chemicals, deprivation of safety equipment, unpaid extra working hours, denial of insurance coverage and public holidays, and uncovered medical bills. This paper aims to analyse Malaysian laws regulating 3D sector from human rights point of view. First it explains the meaning of 3D sector and the domestic legal framework. Next, it discusses the basic employment rights as provided under the law and human rights point of view. This study provides some information on whether generally the 3D sector is adequately regulated make suggestion for the improvement of 3D sector in Malaysia to attract more Malaysians to work and eventually reduce the country’s high dependency on foreign workers who currently dominate the employment in this sector.
Adat Perpatih yang menjuraikan keturunan nasab sebelah ibu merupakan pegangan utama dalam struktur pentadbiran tanah adat di Negeri Sembilan. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sejarah perkembangan undang-undang tanah adat di Negeri Sembilan khasnya yang keseluruhannya diadaptasi daripada perbilangan adat. Tumpuan utama dalam perbincangan kertas kerja ini merangkumi undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan sistem tanah Adat Perpatih seperti perlembagaan, Kanun Tanah Negara, Enakmen Pemegangan Tanah Adat dan juga Akta Pengambilan Tanah. Kajian yang dibuat adalah berdasarkan penyelidikan kepustakaan dan juga hasil temubual dengan beberapa individu yang terlibat secara langsung dengan tanah adat. Konklusi kertas kerja ini menggariskan pemahaman berkenaan perkembangan dan isu perundangan berkaitan tanah adat di Negeri Sembilan sejak zaman penjajahan hingga ke hari ini. Adat perpatih which is based on matrilineal lineage forms the main structure of the administration of customary land in Negeri Sembilan. This paper aims to to study the development of customary land law in particular the state of Negeri Sembilan, which is generally derived from customary sayings/idioms (perbilangan adat). The main focus of discussion in this paper comprises of the laws relating to customary land law in Adat Perpatih such as the Federal Constitution, National Land Code, Customary Tenure Enactment and the Land Acquisition Act. This study applies library based research and interview of relevant key individuals who are directly involved in customary land law. It concludes with a developed understanding on the evolution and legal issues pertaining to customary land in Negeri Sembilan since the colonial era until the present day.
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