The technology acceptance model and the construct of technology readiness were reviewed in this article. The study proposed an integrated model for explaining consumers' intention to use online stock trading system. Based on related theoretical backgrounds, the study integrated technology readiness with the technology acceptance model, and theorized that the impact of technology readiness on use intention is completely mediated by both perceptions of usefulness and ease of use. The research hypotheses and the integrated framework were tested and confirmed by Web-based survey data. Theoretical and practical implications and future research directions were discussed.
In this study, the newly-developed Panel SURADF tests advanced by Breuer et al. (2001 Breuer, JB, McNown, R and Wallace, MS. 2001. Misleading inferences from panel unit-root tests with an illustration from purchasing power parity. Review of International Economics, 9: 482–93. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) are used to investigate whether the growth rate of electronics firms is independent of their size, as postulated by Gibrat's (1931 Gibrat, R. 1931. Les Inequalities Economiques, Paris: Recueil Sirey. [Google Scholar]) Law of Proportionate Effects. Time-series data for the total assets of 48 electronic firms in Taiwan during the 1995–2004 period are used. Whereas other panel-based unit root tests are joint tests of a unit root for all members of a panel and are incapable of determining the mix of I(0) and I(1) series in a panel setting, the Panel SURADF tests investigate a separate unit root null hypothesis for each individual panel member and are, therefore, able to identify how many and which series in the panel are stationary processes. The empirical results from several panel-based unit root tests indicate that the total assets of all firms studied here are nonstationary, implying that Gibrat's Law holds for all 48 firms; however, Breuer et al.'s (2001 Breuer, JB, McNown, R and Wallace, MS. 2001. Misleading inferences from panel unit-root tests with an illustration from purchasing power parity. Review of International Economics, 9: 482–93. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) Panel SURADF tests unequivocally indicate that Gibrat's Law is only valid for 27 of those firms.
Innovation in product development, technological breakthrough, and market entry plays a key role in firms’ competition, and the merits of innovation are quite obvious such as taking a first-mover advantage or earning lion’s share. However, innovation pays more and push firms dedicate more resources and commitments to it. Though it is a good strategy for firms to grow and profit, it isn’t an optimal choice for all firms to adopt. Small and medium firms (SMEs), unlike dominant firms, don’t have abundant resources to develop diversified kinds technologies and products, they confront more fierce pressures from peers’ competition and dominant firms. SMEs have to invest more precisely in specific area of RD on the other hand, dominant firms will guard their oligopoly revenue by utilizing several kinds of strategies such as filing litigation, lawsuits and so on. Printer accessories markets (e.g. ink cartridges and kits or laser jet toner cartridges and kits) are with highly profits and they are oligopoly patterns occupied by incumbent printer manufacturers, who provide after-sale services and protect themselves by filing a lot of patents surrounding their products to prevent other competitors entering into compatible accessories markets (e.g. toner cartridges). SMEs who are interested in compatible accessories markets are vulnerable heavily if they ignore incumbents’ “patent traps”. Not only is imitating strategy feasible, but getting rid of incumbents’ disturbances is SMEs’ strategic focus. This paper tries to envisage how SMEs in Taiwan use imitative strategy nimbly and take advantage of “design around patent strategy” in printer accessories markets to build up SMEs’ unique technological position where incumbents can’t take SMEs away. All in all, “designing around” strategy helps SMEs survive and get stronger, intellectual property management (IPM) in “design around” could be the case for SMEs to learn on competing with incumbent firms.
AbstractThe transfer and commercialization of university technology requires interactive marketing. While a growing number of studies have examined academic entrepreneurship, the relationship between university technology and firm decisions regarding commercialization remains poorly understood. This study employs the firm perspective to holistically outline the characteristics and relationships related to the commercialization of university technology in Taiwan. Using 83 firms involved in acquiring university technology through licensing, joint research or contract research, this study identifies negative relationships between the likelihood of commercialization and guanxi and variable royalties, respectively, suggesting that acquired technology can be considered a short-term, transaction-specific investment in securing further guanxi, and that variable royalties compensate faculty/inventors but recompense recipients for additional transaction costs incurred. The results highlight the need to closely examine the nature of technology, relationship development, and royalties behind commercialization, and recommends further research to develop academic entrepreneurship from the firm perspective.Keywords: technology commercializationuniversity-business relationshiproyaltiesguanxiinertness
Many governments and universities have made efforts to push academic technologies into marketplace. When firms intend to learn by collaboration, the proxy for measuring the efficacy of academic patent application or start-up formation becomes inappropriate. It is legitimate to ask what the nature of the university-industry collaboration is and what the strategic effect of innovation capability on the choice of collaboration modes is. Using information from a mail survey, this study examines the optimal collaboration mode for conveying the firms’ strategic intents to interact with universities by considering firms’ innovation capabilities. Drawing on absorptive capacity and dynamic capability views, we address the strategic intents and exploitative-exploratory capability gap affect the choice between licensing and R&D cooperation. Several findings emerge in our study. First, firms may collaborate with universities by taking account of ‘efficiency-seeking, resource-seeking or internalization-seeking’ intent. We then conjecture that internalization-seeking intent is proactive and long-term oriented, efficiency-seeking intent is passive and short-term oriented, and resource-seeking intent is amid these two. Second, firms are more likely to license in university technologies when they have more superior exploitative capability than exploratory capability. But firms are less likely to collaborate with universities when they simultaneously own exploitative capability and exploratory capability.
Manufacturing servitization will be a turning point for machine builders to build competitive advantage to fight against cost-down oriented competition from emerging countries. We conduct a preliminary study on manufacturing servitization with the model of Product Life Cycle Service to identify the progress of manufacturing servitization in machine tool industry. Five cases of global machine tool manufacturers not only show the difference between each other but also point out how they approach manufacturing servitization.
Joint ventures and technology licensing can involve contracting and royalty-based payments. Payment behavior is not a simple consequence; it may be a strategic impetus to exchange knowledge. Extending the transaction cost economics, this study examines the effects of non-contractible variables on the strategic preference for payment modes. We test hypotheses using information from a survey of 104 Taiwanese firms and partial least square (PLS) analysis to examine the payment behavior in a technology licensing contract. Considering knowledge tacitness, the licensed technology incurring high transraction costs reduces the source intention to build long-term relationship with the recipient, and thus a fee-based payment is preferred. When shifting the focus of technology or knowledge per se to the heterogeneity of technology recipients, relationship exchange embedded in recipient dependence and learning potential becomes critical in a technology licensing contract, and increase the likelihood of royalty-based payment.
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