Fernándo Carlos Pellegrino

University of Buenos Aires

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Carlos Blanco

University of Buenos Aires

R. J Vidal Figueredo

University of Buenos Aires

Carlos Alberto Arzone

University of Buenos Aires

Marcelo Acerbo

University of Buenos Aires

Gabriel Alejandro Sánchez

Catholic University of Colombia

Linda Shell

Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine

Ramiro Vidal Figueredo

University of Buenos Aires

Gonzalo M. Sánchez

Uppsala University

María Laura Vazzoler

Associação Brasileira de Oncologia Veterinária

Pablo Genoud

University of Buenos Aires

Cooperative Institutions

University of Buenos Aires

University of Rome Tor Vergata

Sapienza University of Rome

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico

University of Ferrara

University of Bologna

Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani

Presidio Ospedaliero

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

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Encefalopatía hepática en perros y gatos

Fernándo Carlos Pellegrino

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in dogs and cats is a complex metabolic disturbance of the central nervous system that may result from hepatic failure, urea cycle enzyme defi ciency, or portosysistemic shunting. As a result, the metabolic and detoxifi cation functions of the liver are impaired and/or bypassed and the unaltered constituents of the portal blood go directly into the systemic circulation. The pathogenesis of hepatic failure-associated encephalopathy is complex. Probably, the HE is a syndrome in which take part multiple factors that can have different importance according the clinical situation. The key points to consider in the pathogeny of HE are: a) neurotoxins; b) alterations of neurotransmission systems; and c) astrocytes alterations. Clinical signs of HE include obtunded mental status, abnormal behavior, compulsive pacing, head-pressing, visual defi cits and seizure activity. Other clinical signs consistent with hepatic failure, as weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and polyuria-polydipsia, are often present. Diagnosis of HE is based upon documenting hepatic dysfunction in a patient with neurologic defi cits typical of a metabolic encephalopathy. Although there are multiple methods, the preferred is per-rectal scintigraphy. Treatment for HE is directed at reducing the level of gut-derived toxins and controlling seizures, if present; but treatment of the underlying hepatic disorder is the key to controlling signs of neurologic dysfunction. This article describes the major developments described so far regarding the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy and therapeutic strategies

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Polyuria

Polydipsia

Anorexia

Altered Mental Status

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Síndrome selar y paraselar: una nueva mononeuropatía múltiple bilateral en perros y gatos

Fernándo Carlos Pellegrino Elizabeth Liliana Pacheco María Laura Vazzoler

The sellar and parasellar region (SPS) contains bone structures, vascular structures, somatic and autonomous nerves, the pituitary gland and meningeal structures related that predisposes to various neurological, ophthalmologic or endocrine diseasesThe aim of this work is to describe the anatomy of the SPS region and communicate a clinical picture ob- served in a dog and 2 cats consisting of a multiple mononeuropathy involving various cranial nerves on their way in relation to this region and, by its nature, is particularly syndrome.To our knowledge this is the first description of a syndrome affecting dogs and cats and can simultaneously engage one or more of the II, III, IV, V (ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves) and VI cranial nerves, the pituitary gland and its meningeal coverings, and the brain and brain stem.

Cranial nerves

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Revisión Anatómica del Músculo Bíceps Femoral del Canino

International Journal of Morphology (2010)

Carlos Alberto Arzone Carlos Blanco Pablo Genoud Fernándo Carlos Pellegrino Gonzalo M. Sánchez

actuando en la flexoextensión de la articulación femorotibiorotuliana y la abducción del miembro.La evaluación correcta de su función es importante en la clínica veterinaria.Existen puntos controversiales entre los autores consultados acerca de la morfología de este músculo.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo discutir las distintas descripciones, reparando en las inserciones, la estructura e inervación del músculo.Se han realizado las disecciones bilaterales en 12 animales.La conservación de las piezas se realizó por inmersión en piletas, con una dilución de formol al 10 % y ácido fenico al 4% en agua.Se utilizaron diferentes técnicas de abordaje al músculo en cuestión, para obtener distintas observaciones de las estructuras.Se halló que el músculo BF se origina por medio de dos cabezas, como queda implícito en su denominación, una cabeza craneal, más voluminosa y una cabeza caudal más pequeña.La primera originada en el ligamento sacrotuberal y en la superficie lateral de la tuberosidad isquiática.La cabeza caudal, se origina de la tuberosidad isquiática.Estas partes a pesar de hallarse estrechamente unidas se individualizan a nivel de los vientres musculares por medio de una delgada lámina de tejido conectivo que se extiende hasta el tercio distal del músculo.Respecto a la inervación, no se encontraron ramas del nervio glúteo caudal que inerven las partes al músculo.

10.4067/s0717-95022010000400026

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Mielopatía degenerativa: estado actual del conocimiento. Revisión bibliográfica

Fernándo Carlos Pellegrino

Canine Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a late-onset neurodegenerative, first diagnosed in German Shepherd, but affects multiple dog breeds. DM manifests as a spinal disorder in adult dogs, insidious onset and slowly progressive course. Many studies considered the possible etiology of DM unable to clarify the causes. Recent researches have identified as a likely cause a mutation of the SOD1 gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), which also implies DM is a potential ortholog of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) of the human being. The distribution of lesions and the clinical progression of MD are similar to those reported for certain types of ALS, with an onset characterized by upper motor neuron signs, with predominant lesions in the spinal thoracic region, with progression to lower motor neuron signs that become evident in the later stages of the disease. Before establishing a clear equivalence between DM and ALS must explain some differences between two diseases. For example, in DM the axonopathy is diffuse (not restricted to lateral funiculus, as in ALS) and involves both sensory tracts as motors. Furthermore, except isolated communications, no evidence of neuronal damage in the brain or brain stem has been demonstrated. Meanwhile, the dogs affected by DM are potential animal models for ALS, which can be used to probe the underlying processes of motor neuron degeneration, to map the modifier loci and identify the environmental factors which influence the severity of the disease.

Progressive muscular atrophy

Lower motor neuron

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EEG cuantificado en los caninos: II. Análisis de la coherencia cerebral por edades.

Medicina Veterinaria (2001)

Fernándo Carlos Pellegrino Linda Shell

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La maduración del electroencefalograma en caninos normales.

Medicina Veterinaria (2001)

Fernándo Carlos Pellegrino Linda Shell

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Degenerative myelopathy: current state of knowledge. Literatura review.

Anales de Veterinaria de Murcia (2013)

Fernándo Carlos Pellegrino

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EPILEPSIA IDIOPATICA FOCAL CON CRISIS MOTORAS EN 50 CANICHES EN ARGENTINA: CARACTERIZACION ELECTROCLINICA Y RESPUESTA A LA TERAPIA

Anales de Veterinaria de Murcia (2024)

Fernándo Carlos Pellegrino Carlos Blanco Oscar Adolfo Martínez

Focal motor seizures were described as a possible clinical manifestation of idiopathic epilepsy in Poodles. The objective of this work is to characterize the particular presentation of the Focal Idiopathic Epilepsy with Motor Seizures (FIEwMS) of this breed in Argentina. Fifty Poodles (toy, miniature and moyen varieties) with Idiopathic Epilepsy with focal seizures, diagnosed according to the International Veterinary Task Force (IVETF) criteria were investigated. The statistical associations between the age of onset, weight, reproductive status, variety, generalization of the seizures, presence of cluster seizures, spontaneous evolution (need or not of medication), number of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) used, were investigated. The multivariate cluster analysis technique and principal component analysis were used. The dendogram was constructed using the averaging linked method. The partial association between variables was studied, according to their features, using Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests, independence test (χ2 Pearson), G2 test (maximum likelihood), or logistic regression. The significance level was 5% (p£0.05). The motor seizures were classified as tonic/dystonic, asymmetric, with compromise of the epiaxial musculature and proximal appendicular region, with elevation of one limb, without alteration of consciousness. Six dogs presented generalized seizures. The electroencephalogram showed centroparietal epileptiform discharges. All dogs responded to therapy, with no therapeutic failures, most with monotherapy, indicating the benign nature of Focal Idiopathic Epilepsy with Motor Seizures (FIEwMS) in Poodles. The analysis of the data obtained allows to identify 3 subpopulations with different severity of the clinical phenotype. They were differentiated by body weight, the evolution (or not) of the seizures to generalization, the age of onset, the spontaneous clinical evolution, and the number of ASMs used. Poodle varieties with a larger body size presented a more severe clinical phenotype, with an earlier age of onset. The FIEwMS identified in a population of Poodles in Argentina is proposed as a potential epileptic syndrome, constituting a valuable spontaneous model for certain human focal motor epilepsies. Las crisis focales motoras fueron descritas como posible manifestación clínica de la epilepsia idiopática en Caniches. El objetivo del trabajo es caracterizar la presentación particular de la Epilepsia Idiopática Focal con Crisis Motoras (EIFcCM) de esta raza en Argentina. Se investigaron 50 Caniches (variedades toy, enano y mediano) con EIFcCM, diagnosticados según los criterios del Grupo de Trabajo Internacional de Epilepsia Veterinaria. Se estudiaron las asociaciones estadísticas entre la edad de inicio, peso, estado reproductivo, variedad, generalización de las crisis, presencia de crisis seriadas, evolución espontánea (necesidad o no de medicación), cantidad de medicamentos anticonvulsivantes (MACs) usados y respuesta al tratamiento, mediante la técnica multivariante de análisis de conglomerados y el análisis de componentes principales. La asociación parcial entre variables fue estudiada, según sus características, mediante las pruebas de Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon, prueba de independencia (χ2 Pearson), prueba de G2 (máxima verosimilitud), o regresión logística. El nivel de significación fue del 5% (p£0.05). Las crisis fueron clasificadas como motoras tónicas/distónicas, asimétricas, con compromiso de la musculatura epiaxial, y apendicular proximal, con elevación de un miembro, sin alteración de la conciencia. Seis perros presentaron evolución a crisis generalizadas. El electroencefalograma mostró descargas epileptiformes centroparietales. Todos los perros respondieron a la terapia, sin fracasos terapéuticos, la mayoría con monoterapia, indicando el carácter benigno de esta EIFcCM. El análisis de los datos permitió identificar 3 subpoblaciones con distinta severidad del fenotipo clínico. Se diferenciaron por el peso corporal, la evolución de las crisis a la generalización, edad de inicio, evolución clínica espontánea y número de MACs usados. Las variedades de Caniche de mayor tamaño presentaron un fenotipo clínico más severo, con una edad de inicio más precoz. La EIFcCM en una población de Caniches en Argentina se presenta como un posible síndrome epiléptico, y potencial modelo espontáneo para ciertas epilepsias focales motoras humanas.

10.6018/analesvet.574811

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CRITERIOS DE HOMOLOGACION ENTRE LAS CINTURAS ESCAPULAR Y PELVICA Y SUS ESTRUCTURAS ASOCIADAS

Revista chilena de anatomía (1998)

Fernándo Carlos Pellegrino C. Tangelson L. Galliano L. Trevisan Gonzalo M. Sánchez

The waists are studied customarily in separated form together with the corresponding member. The muscles associated with them are jointed in base with an exclusively topographic criterion, resulting the following groups: muscles of the back, of the neck, of the thorax and of the pelvic member. The muscles associated to the thoracic waist are tried as common muscles of the member, without taking into account its insert neither its inervation. The homotipia criteria among both waists are established in this work, and standards to homologate the muscles that join the thoracic members and pelvics with the axial form are proposed. The classification in extrinsic or intrinsic in base to embriologic origin, its distal insert and its inervation is appealed for this purpose

Thorax (insect anatomy)

10.4067/s0716-98681998000100010

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Análisis y estandarización de los valores de coherencia cerebral interhemisférica en caninos adultos

InVet (2007)

R. J Vidal Figueredo Fernándo Carlos Pellegrino Luis A. Riquelme

Resumen es: El analisis de coherencia es la correlacion que existe entre dos pares de canales EEG e informa sobre los componentes frecuenciales comunes a ellos, junt...

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