Background and Objective:The target of our study compares the effect of dexamethasone versus dexmedetomidine when used as adjuvant to bupivacaine for improving the analgesic effect of spinal anesthesia after lower abdominal surgeries. Patients and methods:The patients were divided into 3 groups: Control group [I], in which patients were administered 3 ml bupivacaine [0.5%] plus 1 ml of saline, Dexmedetomidine group [II], in which patients were administered 3 ml bupivacaine [0.5%] plus 10 μg dexmedetomidine in1 ml saline, and Dexamethasone group [III], in which patients were administered 3 ml bupivacaine [0.5%] plus 4 mg dexamethasone in 1 ml saline. Results: As regarding duration of sensory blockade was significantly longer in Dexmedetomidine group [II ] and Dexamethasone group [III] when compared to the Control group [I] [p-value=0.02] and also as regards to the duration of motor blockade was significantly longer in Dexmedetomidine group [II ] and Dexamethasone group [III] when compared with Control group [I] [p-value=0.02]. Conclusion:Our study perceived that intrathecal dexmedetomidine or dexamethasone as adjuvant to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia prolong the duration of sensory, motor block and improved postoperative analgesia but dexmedetomidine is superior to dexamethasone.
Mononuclear mixed ligand complexes of Ni(II) and Ce(III) with 4-(-3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-pyrimidine-dione, 2-aminopyridine and 8-hydroxyquinoline have been prepared. The elemental analysis, molar conductance, spectral (IR, mass and solid reflectance), magnetic moment measurements and thermal study were utilized to investigate the coordination behavior. All metal complexes have metal-to-ligand ratios of 1:1:1 and the modes of bonding are consistent with N- and O-donation suggesting monomeric octahedral and square planar structures. The thermal behavior of these complexes was investigated and the thermal decomposition pathways postulated. The activation thermodynamic parameters, E*, ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG* for the different thermal decomposition steps of the complexes were calculated using the Coats-Redfern equation. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of the metal complexes have also been examined against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), Pseudomonas fluorescens (S 97), Pseudomonas phaseolicola (GSPB 2828), Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus fumigatus. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed for the Ce(III) complex, [CeL(8-Oqu)(NO3)2]·1½H2O.
Abstract Interaction of hexachlorocyclodiphosphazanes (1a-h) with ethyl-acetoacetate, sodium ethylaceto-acetate and benzyl chloride are described. The structure of the obtained cyclodipnosphazane derivatives (II-IV) were proposed on the basis of microanalytical data, ir, uv, 1H n.m.r and mass spectra. The mechanism of the reaction is also discussed.
New series of Co(II), Ce(III), and UO2(VI) Schiff base complexes were prepared. The reactions of the Schiff base ligand 2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4-salicylidene-3-pyrazolin-5-one (HL) with the above metals in the presence of LiOH as a deprotonating agent yielded different types of mononuclear complexes. Also, the mixed ligand complexes of 2-aminopyridine, 8-hydroxy-quinoline, and oxalic acid were isolated. All the binary and mixed ligand complexes of Co(II) and Ce(III) have octahedral configuration, while the UO2(VI) complexes have distorted dodecahedral geometries. HL is coordinated to the central metal atom as monoanionic tridentate ONO and/or monoanionic tetradentate ONON ligand. Binuclear Ce(III) complex was prepared pyrolytically through the thermal transformation of the mononuclear complex. All the complexes and the corresponding thermal products were isolated and their structures were elucidated by elemental analyses, conductance, IR and electronic absorption spectra, magnetic moments, 1 H NMR and TG-DSC measurements. HL and some of its metal complexes show higher antibacterial effects than those of some of the investigated antibiotics.
Herein, a simple and accurate spectrophotometric method was developed to detect gatifloxacin (HGAT) in a pure and ophthalmic formulation. The method depends on complexation of HGAT with Co (II), Ni (II) and La(III) ions in ethanol medium at room temperature. The experimental conditions have been investigated to reach optimum conditions for HGAT-metal ions interaction, including detection of a suitable wavelength, medium pH, reaction time and reactants concentration. Moreover, the composition of these complexes in addition to their stability constants were also investigated and the result indicated that the molar ratio of HGAT: Metal ion is 1:1 for Ni (II) and La(III) ions and 1:2 for Co (II) ion. Beer's law plots were obeyed in the concentration ranges 18.77–150.16, 18.77–131.39 and 18.77–112.62 (μg mL−1) for Co(II), Ni(II) and La(III) ions interaction, respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, standard deviation, detection and quantification limits were calculated. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of HGAT in the bulk and ophthalmic formulation. The obtained results were compared statistically with other published methods and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by reported methods.