Based on the tabulations of the IMDB, I characterized, explained and compared the 1991-1996 and 1996-2001 inter-CMA migration of the immigrants in Canada. The spatial and temporal patterns were consistent with the neoclassical economic theory and the ethnic enclave theory. In making their decisions on departure and destination choices, the immigrants (both the 1991 landing cohort and 1996 cohort) were responsive to income and employment incentives, as well as the retaining and attracting powers of ethnic communities. This research also discovered an interesting temporal pattern -- while the inter-CMA migration of immigrants accentuated the over representation of the immigrants in Toronto and Vancouver in the 91-96 period, the rise of the “secondary” CMAs led to a spatial dispersal of the immigrants in the 96-01 period. This “new” finding supplements the existing literature on internal migration of Canadian immigrants, which discovered little evidence of an increased dispersion of immigrants over time.
We present a rare case of spinal subdural hematoma induced by guidewire-based lumbar drainage in a subarachnoid hemorrhage patient with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Decreased muscle strength and muscle tension of bilateral lower limbs were noted, and an MRI confirmed the spinal subdural hematoma from the sacral to the thoracic segments. The spinal subdural hematoma evacuation and spinal canal decompression were performed by laminectomy. However, the patient did not benefit from the surgery and developed lower limb muscle atrophy. The complication of the spinal subdural hematoma after lumbar drainage is extremely rare; only limited approaches are available for the treatment of spinal hematoma to improve the outcome and avoid severe consequences. Thus, the present case might suggest refraining from use of a guidewire during lumbar drainage for the prevention of spinal subdural hematoma and close observation of the related symptoms and signs for the early detection of spinal hematoma after the procedure. In addition, full decompression can be performed by complete hematoma evacuation and laminectomy of related segments for the treatment of spinal subdural hematoma induced by lumbar drainage.
The primary focus telescope has the advantages of a large field of view and less loss of light energy, and plays an important role in the field of time-domain survey. The 1-meter large field-of-view telescope of Nanjing University uses the primary focus optical system. The 6k × 6k CCD is located at the primary focal point in the optical path. The CCD will have a large amount of heat during the working process, which will affect the telescope's imaging quality. According to the requirements of the imaging quality of the NTU 1-meter telescope optical system, the difference between the temperature of the CCD housing and the ambient temperature needs to be controlled within 1 ℃. Therefore, the paper proposes a temperature control scheme for thermal insulation materials, and optimizes the performance of the temperature control scheme. The temperature control accuracy of this solution is within 0.6 ℃.
Based on the primary micro data files of the 2001 Canadian census, I investigated the 1996-2001 internal migration patterns of the 2nd generation, in comparison to those of the 1st, 1.5, and 3rd+ generations. In the descriptive analysis, I found that the overall out-migration rate increased monotonically with an increase in generation status. However, with the exception of Toronto, Vancouver and Calgary, the CMA specific out-migration rate generally decreased with an increase in generation status. In terms of in-migration, Toronto, Vancouver, and Calgary were the predominant destinations for all generations. In the multivariate analysis, I found that the different generations were subject to the effects of the same set of explanatory factors -- labor market factors, ethnic similarity factor, and personal factors. Compared to the first generation immigrants, the second generation was less dependent on ethnic communities and more sensitive to the changing spatial economy of the CMA system.
The performance of an intercooled turbofan engine is analyzed by multidisciplinary optimization. A model for making preliminary simplified analysis of the mechanical design of the engine is coupled to an aircraft model and an engine performance model. A conventional turbofan engine with technology representative for a year 2013 entry of service is compared with a corresponding intercooled engine. A mission fuel burn reduction of 3.4% is observed. The results are analyzed in terms of the relevant constraints such as compressor exit temperature, turbine entry temperature, turbine rotor blade temperature, and compressor exit blade height. It is shown that the gas path of an intercooled engine for medium range commercial transport applications, having an overall pressure ratio greater than 70 in top of climb, may still be optimized to fulfill a compressor exit blade height constraint. This indicates that a state of the art high pressure compressor efficiency can be achieved. Empirical data and a parametric computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study are used to verify the intercooler heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics.
This study presents the development and validation of a novel fluorescent immunochromatographic test (F-ICT) using Europium-labeled conjugates for the detection of Brucella antibodies in serum and milk samples. The assay utilizes purified Brucella lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS) as the capture antigen, which was extracted with an optimized protocol yielding 15 μg/mg dry biomass, a seven-fold improvement over previous methods. The extracted S-LPS demonstrated high purity and retained its structural and immunological properties, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE, Western blot, and endotoxin testing. The F-ICT showed 100% sensitivity and specificity when tested against a French national brucellosis standard panel of bovine sera, significantly outperforming two commercially available gold-labeled immunochromatographic tests. In artificially spiked milk samples, the F-ICT demonstrated a detection limit of 1×10⁻⁵ dilution, two orders of magnitude more sensitive than conventional ELISA (1×10⁻³). The fluorescent signal remained stable for at least five days at room temperature, with no significant photobleaching observed. These results establish the F-ICT as novel a highly sensitive, specific, and stable diagnostic tool for Brucella antibody detection in both serum and milk samples, offering potential advantages for large-scale surveillance programs.
Abstract Urban road networks function as surface passage for floodwater transport during extreme storm events to reduce potential risks in the city. However, precise estimation of these flow rates presents a significant challenge. This difficulty primarily stems from the intricate three-dimensional flow fields at road intersections, which the traditional one-dimensional models, such as Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), fail to precisely capture. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional hydraulic models are overly complex and computationally intensive and thus not particularly efficient. This study addresses these issues by integrating a semiempirical flow diversion formula into the SWMM source code. The semiempirical formula, derived from hydraulic experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations, captures the flow dynamics at T-shaped intersections. The modified SWMM’s performance was evaluated against experimental data, and the original SWMM, the two-dimensional MIKE21, and the three-dimensional FLUENT models. The results indicate that the modified SWMM matches the precision of the two-dimensional MIKE21, while significantly reducing computational time. Compared to MIKE21, this study achieved a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.9729 and a root mean square error of 0.042, with computational time reduced by 99%. The modified SWMM is suitable for real-sized urban road networks. It provides a high-precision tool for urban road drainage system computation that is crucial for effective stormwater management.
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