7116 Background: Mocetinostat (MGCD0103) is an orally available, isotype-selective, non-hydroxamate HDAC inhibitor targeting HDACs 1,2, 3 and 11 with single agent activity in AML and both Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Preclinical evaluation demonstrating in vitro and in vivo synergy and antileukemic activity with demethylating agents, including 5-azacitidine (AZA), prompted clinical evaluation of mocetinostat + AZA in MDS and AML. Methods: This open-label, Phase II trial enrolled patients with MDS or AML. Patients received AZA (75 mg/m 2 SC; days 1-7 every 28 days) and mocetinostat (90-110 mg 3x/wk starting on AZA day 5). Anticancer activity, safety and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were evaluated. We report here on the MDS cohort. Results: Twenty patients with MDS were enrolled. Eight patients had received prior therapy for MDS including decitabine (n=1), lenalidomide (n=3), tipifarnib (n=2) and cytarabine (n=2). Median age was 70.5 yrs (range 41-81). Disease control rate (defined as CR + marrow-CR + PR + SD) was 80% (16/20). Ten patients (50%) had baseline marrow blast counts ≥10% (protocol-defined high risk). Responses in high-risk patients included 5 (50%) with CR + marrow-CR and 2 (20%) with SD. Six patients (30%) had an on-treatment marrow blast count of 0. These included 3 patients in the high-risk category, with baseline blast counts of 11%-15%. CR was observed in one patient, a 74-yr-old male with previously untreated RAEB. In this patient, marrow blasts fell from a baseline of 11% to 0% following 1 cycle of treatment; CR with normalization of all cell lines was achieved by late Cycle 3. He remained on study for 1 yr. Most drug-related AEs in the study were grade 1 or 2. The most common drug-related grade 3/4 events were nausea (15%), vomiting, fatigue, anemia, thrombocytopenia and febrile neutropenia (10% each). There was one death (5%), due to pneumonia that was not felt by the investigator to be drug related. Conclusions: The combination of mocetinostat and 5-azacitidine in patients with MDS demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and encouraging evidence of clinical benefit. Further clinical studies are warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT00324220.
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors constitute a novel and growing class of anticancer agents that function by altering intracellular patterns of histone acetylation, the so-called epigenetic "histone code," thereby producing changes in cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and/or apoptosis in tumor cells. This overview describes the chemistry and preliminary characterization of recently disclosed molecules in three major classes of HDAC inhibitors: hydroxamic acids, 2-aminobenzanilides, and cyclic peptides. In addition, results from recent clinical trials on isotype-selective HDAC inhibitors are reviewed. It is clear from the plethora of new molecules and the encouraging results from clinical trials that HDAC inhibitors hold a great deal of promise, particularly as add-on therapy, for the treatment of a variety of solid and hematologic cancers. Keywords: Acetylation, antineoplastic agent, clinical trials, histone deacetylases, histones, apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest
Abstract Advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is usually an incurable malignancy that needs newer therapeutic targets. Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) is an innate immune mediator that regulates activation of pro-inflammatory and mitogenic signaling pathways. Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays demonstrated expression of IL1RAP in majority of human PDAC specimens and in murine pancreatic tumors from K-Ras G122D /p53 R172H /PDXCre (KPC) mice. Single cell RNA-Seq analysis of human primary pre-neoplastic lesions and adenocarcinoma specimens indicated that overexpression occurs during carcinogenesis. IL1RAP overexpression was associated with worse overall survival. IL1RAP knockdown significantly reduced cell viability, invasiveness, and clonogenic growth in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Inhibition of the downstream interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) using two pharmacologic inhibitors, CA-4948 and PF06650833, resulted in reduced growth in pancreatic cancer cell lines and in xenograft models.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and evaluation of iodinated analogs of diacylglycerols as potential probes for protein kinase CLaurie M. Strawn, Robert E. Martell, Robert U. Simpson, Karen L. Leach, and Raymond E. CounsellCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1989, 32, 3, 643–648Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00123a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00123a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a negative checkpoint regulator of immune cells. VISTA has been recognized as a potential mediator of resistance to anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapies in cancer patients. Targeting the VISTA signaling pathway has been suggested as a promising approach for overcoming resistance to current immune checkpoint therapies. Herein, we report the design, development, and analytical algorithm for comprehensive VISTA-centric tumor immunophenotyping to explore potential tumor biomarkers for novel anti-VISTA therapeutic antibody CI-8993, currently under clinical development in Phase 1 trial.
Methods
Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue sections from 10 cases of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) were purchased from NovoVita Histopath Laboratory. Serial tumor tissue sections were double-immunostained with VISTA combined with CD8 (cytotoxic T cell marker), CD4 (T helper cell marker), CD11b (myeloid cell marker), CD68 (monocyte/macrophage marker), CD56 (NK cell marker), CD19 (B cell marker) or Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1).
Results
Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of CD8+ cells (9/10 cases), CD4+ cells (3/10 cases), CD11b+ cells (10/10 cases), CD68+ cells (10/10 cases), CD56+ cells (4/10 cases) and CD19+ cells (8/10 cases) in lung tumors. Using double IHC staining, we found that VISTA was expressed in CD8+ cells (5/9 tumors), CD11b+ cells (5/10 tumors) and CD19+ cells (5/8 tumors), whereas VISTA was hardly detectable in CD4+, CD68+ or CD56+ cells. Expression of PD-L1 was detected in cancer cells in 6/10 tumors, whereas VISTA-pos cancer cells were revealed in 1/10 tumors. We developed an algorithm for evaluation of VISTA-centric tumor immunophenotyping and demonstrated that every tumor has a unique cell-type-specific pattern of VISTA expression which could serve as a potential biomarker.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that comprehensive VISTA-centric immunophenotyping enables spatially resolved and cell-type-specific characterization of VISTA expression in solid tumors and can serve as applicable bioanalytical approach for identification of potential biomarkers to guide anti-VISTA therapeutic treatment decisions.
PURPOSE: We sought to determine whether therapy with single-agent fludarabine compared with chlorambucil alone or the combination of both agents had an impact on the incidence and spectrum of infections among a series of previously untreated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five hundred fifty-four previously untreated CLL patients with intermediate/high-risk Rai-stage disease were enrolled onto an intergroup protocol. Patients were randomized to therapy with chlorambucil, fludarabine, or fludarabine plus chlorambucil. Data pertaining to infection were available on 518 patients. Differences in infections among treatment arms were tested with the Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and χ 2 tests. RESULTS: A total of 1,107 infections (241 major infections) occurred in 518 patients over the infection follow-up period (interval from study entry until either reinstitution of initial therapy, therapy with a second agent, or death). Patients treated with fludarabine plus chlorambucil had more infections than those receiving either single agent (P < .0001). Comparing the two single-agent arms, there were more infections on the fludarabine arm (P = .055) per month of follow-up. Fludarabine therapy was associated with more major infections and more herpesvirus infections compared with chlorambucil (P = .008 and P = .004, respectively). Rai stage and best response to therapy were not associated with infection. A low serum immunoglobulin G was associated with number of infections (P = .02). Age was associated with incidence of major infection in the combination arm (P = .004). CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with fludarabine plus chlorambucil resulted in significantly more infections than treatment with either single agent. Patients receiving single-agent fludarabine had more major infections and herpesvirus infections compared with chlorambucil-treated patients.
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