BackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) has major effects on the quality of life and self-esteem, especially in the young patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) promotes hair growth and survival both in vivo and in vitro because of its high concentration of growth factors that stimulate the formation of hair e
Background: The treatment of chronic venous leg ulcer (CVLU) is a major challenge. Much scientific advancement was made. Chitosan, derived from N-deacetylation of chitin, has been successfully used to promote wound healing. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used as bactericides. The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chitosan alone or that impregnated with AgNPs compared to traditional compression bandage dressing in the treatment of CVLU. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight CVLU patients completed the treatment for 3 months. They were treated with compression bandage and categorized into three groups: Group A included 12 patients used chitosan impregnated with the AgNPs, Group B included 11 patients used chitosan alone, and Group C included 15 patients used compression bandage alone. For all patients, routine investigations, lower limbs Duplex ultrasound and bacterial culture and sensitivity from the ulcers before and after treatment were done. Results: The healing of ulcers in the treated groups was mostly apparent in Groups A and C. Conclusions: Chitosan impregnated with AgNPs can be a hopeful treatment for CVLU. However, compression bandage alone is also effective for the treatment of CVLU.
Human Andrology 2014, 4:45–53 Purpose Although oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) are efficacious for many men with erectile dysfunction, a relatively large subset of erectile dysfunction patients who do not respond to PDE5-Is has been identified. This review explored the possible alternative therapeutic strategies. Methods The review was based on a previously published literature, which involved a PubMed– MEDLINE search from January 1998 (year of sildenafil’s approval) through January 2014. To achieve the maximum sensitivity of the search strategy and identify all studies, we combined ‘oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors’ or ‘sildenafil’ or ‘vardenafil’ or ‘tadalafil’ as Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms or keywords with ‘non-response’ or ‘response’ or ‘failure’ or ‘erectile dysfunction’ as MeSH terms or keywords. Results There are a number of options to manage these patients including re-education on sex with PDE5-Is and the pharmacokinetic/dynamics of PDE5-Is, psychosexual therapy, modification of lifestyle, optimal treatment of comorbidities, treatment of concomitant hypogonadism, the use of ‘high-dose’ PDE5-Is, switching patients to another PDE5-I, daily use of PDE5-Is, the use of combination therapies, endovascular treatment, and penile prosthesis implantation. Conclusion Many cases of pseudononresponders may be salvaged by diagnosing and addressing any related factors and this should be attempted before initiating more invasive therapy. For many true nonresponders, chronic low-dose PDE5-I therapy or combination therapies have all been proven to be effective in salvaging many patients. Penile prosthesis implantation is indicated after failure or rejection of other treatment options.
Abstract: Delayed ejaculation (DE) is an uncommon and a challenging disorder to treat. It is often quite concerning to patients and it can affect psychosocial well-being. Here we reviewed how DE is treated pharmacologically .We also highlighted specific settings where drugs could be introduced to medical practice. Electronic databases were searched from 1966 to February 2016, including PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBCSO Academic Search Complete, Cochrane Systematic Reviews Database, and Google Scholar using key words; delayed ejaculation, retarded ejaculation, inhibited ejaculation, drugs, treatment, or pharmacology. To achieve the maximum sensitivity of the search strategy and to identify all studies, we combined "delayed ejaculation" as Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms or keywords with each of "testosterone" or "cabergoline" or "bupropion" or "amantadine" or "cyproheptadine" or "midodrine" or "imipramine" or "ephedrine" or "pseudoephedrine" or "yohimbine" or "buspirone" or "oxytocin" or "bethanechol" as MeSH terms or keywords. There are a number of drugs to treat patients with DE including: testosterone, cabergoline, bupropion, amantadine, cyproheptadine, midodrine, imipramine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, yohimbine, buspirone, oxytocin, and bethanechol. Although there are many pharmacological treatment options, the evidence is still limited to small trials, case series or case reports. Review of literature showed that evidence level 1 (Double blind randomized clinical trial) studies were performed with testosterone, oxytocin, buspirone or bethanechol treatment. It is concluded that successful drug treatment of DE is still in its infancy. The clinicians need to be aware of the pathogenesis of DE and the pharmacological basis underlying the use of different drugs to extend better care for these patients. Various drugs are available to address such problem, however their evidence of efficacy is still limited and their choice needs to be individualized to each specific case.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of adiponectin in diabetic patients with and without erectile dysfunction (ED). In addition, the correlations of adiponectin with the scores of international index of erectile function (IIEF) and total testosterone levels were explored in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with ED. The study included three groups: Type 2 Diabetic patients (T2DM) with and without ED and a third nondiabetics with ED group, each of 29 patients. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FI), homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index), testosterone and adiponectin levels were evaluated. IIEF was applied to diabetic and nondiabetic patients with ED. The results showed that adiponectin was lower in diabetic patients with ED than in both nondiabetics with ED and diabetics without ED groups (5.23 ± 1.05 vs. 11.38 ± 10.08 and 6.5 ± 2.13; p = .003 and .006 respectively). Testosterone was lower in diabetic patients with ED than in diabetics without ED group (2.52 ± 1.15 vs. 4.1 ± 1.46; p = .024). Testosterone had a direct correlation with adiponectin ( r = .371; p = .001). Both adiponectin and testosterone levels did not correlate with IIEF. In conclusion, the decreased adiponectin and testosterone are associated with ED in T2DM. Testosterone has a direct correlation with circulating adiponectin while both have no correlation with IIEF.
Although oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) are highly efficacious for many men with erectile dysfunction (ED), a relatively large subset of ED patients who do not respond to PDE5-Is has been identified. This review assessed the possible factors related to nonresponse to PDE5-Is in patien
Purpose: To estimate the frequency and types of both chromosomal abnormalities and Azoospermia Factor (AZF) microdeletions among patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and severe oligozoospermia (SOZ) with sperm count less than 5 million/ml.Methods: Karyotyping was performed for all 1127 patients, whereas AZF microdeletions assay was done for 811 patients including 653 NOA and 158 SOZ by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).All patients were subjected to clinical examination, scrotal duplex ultrasound and hormonal evaluations.Results: The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was 14.4%, higher in NOA than SOZ men (22.6% versus 3.7%).Numerical chromosomal abnormalities were higher than structural type (11.8% versus 2.4%).Klinefelter syndrome (KS) represented 11.2% of the total chromosomal and 94.1% of sex chromosomal abnormalities.AZF microdeletions were higher in NOA than SOZ (6.1% versus 3.16%).AZFc microdeletions represented the most frequent finding: 31/45 (68.9%), followed by AZFbc: 7/45(15.6%),AZFb: 4/45 (8.8%) and AZFa: 3/45 (6.7%).All patients with AZFa (3), AZFb (4) and AZFbc (7) deletions were NOA, while 26/31(83.87%)with isolated AZFc deletion were NOA and 5/31(16.13%)were SOZ. Conclusion:In according to the results shown, we emphasize the importance of karyotyping and AZF microdeletions analysis in such groups.Counseling for such patients before ARTs is warranted to decrease the risk of transmitting genetic abnormalities to off spring.
BackgroundVitiligo is a common, chronic skin disease characterized by selective destruction of melanocytes. The worldwide disease prevalence ranges from 0.1 to 8.8% with no sex preference. The catalase (CAT) gene expression and polymorphism affect the CAT level and activity. Association between some