A broad-spectrum noncompetitive immunoassay allowing sensitive and simple detection of a group of similar compounds would be an ideal tool for screening low-molecular weight analytes (<2000 Da) having many variants. However, the development of an essential antibody pair capable of sandwich-type recognition of the analytes' small generic core structure is a demanding task due to limited space available for simultaneous binding of two different antibodies. We report here a generic noncompetitive assay for cyanobacterial microcystins (MCs) and nodularins (Nod), a group of structurally related small cyclic peptides (∼1000 Da) with more than 100 naturally occurring analogs. The assay is based on the unique combination of a generic anti-immunocomplex (anti-IC) single-chain fragment of antibody variable domain (scFv) and a monoclonal antibody capable of binding to an Adda-group (3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4(E),6(E)-dienoic acid) present in all MCs/Nod. The anti-IC scFv was isolated from a large synthetic antibody library with phage display and used to develop a single-step sandwich-type noncompetitive immunocomplex assay. The sensitive time-resolved immunofluorometry-based assay is capable of detecting all the 11 tested commonly occurring hepatotoxins (MC-LR, -dmlR, -RR, -dmRR, -LA, -LY, -LF, -LW, -YR, -WR, and Nod-R) at concentration below 0.1 μg/L in a 1 h assay. Using MC-LR, the most studied toxic and widely distributed of the toxins, the calculated detection limits (based on blank + 3SD response) are ∼0.026 μg/L in 1 h and ∼0.1 μg/L in 10 min assay time. This is by far the fastest reported immunoassay for MCs and Nod with a detection limit far below the World Health Organization's guideline limit (1 μg/L of MC-LR equivalent in drinking water). The assay was validated with spiked tap and lake water as well as with environmental surface water samples. The developed assay provides a simple, rapid, and highly sensitive tool for the quantitative detection of MCs/Nod with the additional benefit of automation and high-throughput possibilities for large scale screening of drinking and environmental surface water samples. Furthermore, the study describes the first demonstration of the assay intended for the detection of an analyte group comprising similar low-molecular weight compounds exhibiting the benefits of a reagent excess type assay.

Hepatotoxin

10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02470

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Citations (40)

Quantitative PCR detection and improved sample preparation of microcystin-producing Anabaena, Microcystis and Planktothrix

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (2012)

Henna Hautala Urpo Lamminmäki Lisa Spoof Sonja Nybom Jussi Meriluoto

Microcystis

Microcystis aeruginosa

Primer (cosmetics)

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.10.008

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Citations (36)

Biological Treatment for the Destruction of Cyanotoxins

Dariusz Dziga Sonja Nybom Ilona Gągała Marcin Wasylewski

Microbial degradation of cyanotoxins in the natural environment is a known phenomenon. Such biodegradation could be also an alternative method of cyanotoxins elimination in water reservoirs and during drinking water treatment. In this chapter, comprehensive information regarding the biodegradation of cyanotoxins is provided and involves: description of microorganisms capable of biodegradating different toxins; mechanisms of microcystins' utilization, discussed both on the genetic and the biochemical level; proposed methods of cyanotoxins' bioelimination as well as some examples of practical application; and some methodological guidance to young researchers.

10.1002/9781118928677.ch5

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Citations (3)

Microcystin accumulation and potential effects on antioxidant capacity of leaves and fruits ofCapsicum annuum

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health (2017)

Damjana Drobac Nada Tokodi Biljana Kiprovski Đorđe Malenčić Tamara Važić

Surface water, often used for irrigation purposes, may sometimes be contaminated with blooming cyanobacteria and thereby may contain their potent and harmful toxins. Cyanotoxins adversely affect many terrestrial plants, and accumulate in plant tissues that are subsequently ingested by humans. Studies were undertaken to (1) examine the bioaccumulation of microcystins (MCs) in leaves and fruits of pepper Capsicum annuum and (2) examine the potential effects of MCs on antioxidant capacity of these organs. Plants were irrigated with water containing MCs for a period of 3 mo. Data showed that MCs did not accumulate in leaves; however, in fruits the presence of the MC-LR (0.118 ng/mg dry weight) and dmMC-LR (0.077 ng/mg dry weight) was detected. The concentrations of MC-LR in fruit approached the acceptable guideline values and tolerable daily intake for this toxin. Lipid peroxidation levels and flavonoids content were significantly enhanced in both organs of treated plants, while total phenolic concentrations were not markedly variable between control and treated plants. Significant decrease in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity was noted for both organs. The levels of superoxide anion in fruits and hydroxyl radical in leaves were markedly reduced. Data suggest that exposure to MCs significantly reduced antioxidant capacity of experimental plants, indicating that MCs affected antioxidant systems in C. annuum.

Dry weight

10.1080/15287394.2016.1259527

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Citations (55)

Corrigendum to “Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in fishponds and their effects on fish tissue” [Harmful Algae 55 (2016) 66–76]

Harmful Algae (2016)

Damjana Drobac Nada Tokodi Jelena Lujić Zoran Marinović Gordana Subakov Simić

Blue green algae

10.1016/j.hal.2016.03.018

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Citations (4)

Lessons from the Užice Case

Zorica Svirčev Damjana Drobac Nada Tokodi Dunja Đenić Jelica Simeunović

Chapter 31 Lessons from the Užice Case How to Complement Analytical Data Zorica Svirčev, Zorica Svirčev Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorDamjana Drobac, Damjana Drobac Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorNada Tokodi, Nada Tokodi Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorDunja Đenić, Dunja Đenić Council for Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency, Užice, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorJelica Simeunović, Jelica Simeunović Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorAnastasia Hiskia, Anastasia Hiskia Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "DEMOKRITOS", Athens, GreeceSearch for more papers by this authorTriantafyllos Kaloudis, Triantafyllos Kaloudis Water Quality Control, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company - EYDAP SA, Athens, GreeceSearch for more papers by this authorBiljana Mijović, Biljana Mijović Institute of Public Health, Užice, Serbia Medical Faculty Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Foca, Republic of SrpskaSearch for more papers by this authorStamenko Šušak, Stamenko Šušak Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorMlađan Protić, Mlađan Protić Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorMilka Vidović, Milka Vidović Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Ecology and Technoeconomics, University of Belgrade, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorAntonije Onjia, Antonije Onjia Anahem Laboratory, Belgrade, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorSonja Nybom, Sonja Nybom Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorTamara Važić, Tamara Važić Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorTamara Palanački Malešević, Tamara Palanački Malešević Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorTamara Dulić, Tamara Dulić Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorDijana Pantelić, Dijana Pantelić Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorMarina Vukašinović, Marina Vukašinović Waterworks Užice, Water treatment plant "Petar Antonijević", Public Utility Company Užice, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorJussi Meriluoto, Jussi Meriluoto Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandSearch for more papers by this author Zorica Svirčev, Zorica Svirčev Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorDamjana Drobac, Damjana Drobac Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorNada Tokodi, Nada Tokodi Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorDunja Đenić, Dunja Đenić Council for Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency, Užice, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorJelica Simeunović, Jelica Simeunović Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorAnastasia Hiskia, Anastasia Hiskia Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "DEMOKRITOS", Athens, GreeceSearch for more papers by this authorTriantafyllos Kaloudis, Triantafyllos Kaloudis Water Quality Control, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company - EYDAP SA, Athens, GreeceSearch for more papers by this authorBiljana Mijović, Biljana Mijović Institute of Public Health, Užice, Serbia Medical Faculty Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Foca, Republic of SrpskaSearch for more papers by this authorStamenko Šušak, Stamenko Šušak Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorMlađan Protić, Mlađan Protić Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorMilka Vidović, Milka Vidović Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Ecology and Technoeconomics, University of Belgrade, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorAntonije Onjia, Antonije Onjia Anahem Laboratory, Belgrade, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorSonja Nybom, Sonja Nybom Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorTamara Važić, Tamara Važić Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorTamara Palanački Malešević, Tamara Palanački Malešević Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorTamara Dulić, Tamara Dulić Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorDijana Pantelić, Dijana Pantelić Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorMarina Vukašinović, Marina Vukašinović Waterworks Užice, Water treatment plant "Petar Antonijević", Public Utility Company Užice, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorJussi Meriluoto, Jussi Meriluoto Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Jussi Meriluoto, Jussi Meriluoto Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland Laboratory for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaSearch for more papers by this authorLisa Spoof, Lisa Spoof Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorGeoffrey A. Codd, Geoffrey A. Codd Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 20 December 2016 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119068761.ch31Citations: 7 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Summary This chapter presents a case study of a toxic Planktothrix rubescens bloom in the Serbian reservoir Vrutci used as the water supply for the city of Užice. Chemical cyanotoxin analyses were supplemented by Artemia salina bioassays, a questionnaire directed to the inhabitants of Užice, and epidemiological work. The overall aim of the studies was to assess the potential human health impacts of the toxic bloom. Citing Literature Handbook of Cyanobacterial Monitoring and Cyanotoxin Analysis RelatedInformation

Bloom

Cyanotoxin

Artemia salina

10.1002/9781119068761.ch31

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Citations (13)

Effect of Glucose in Removal of Microcystin-LR by Viable Commercial Probiotic Strains and Strains Isolated from Dadih Fermented Milk

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2008)

Sonja Nybom María Carmen Collado Ingrid S. Surono Seppo Salminen Jussi Meriluoto

The removal of the cyanobacterial peptide toxin microcystin-LR at 4 and 37 °C by six commercial probiotic strains and Lactobacillus plantarum strains IS-10506 and IS-20506 isolated from dadih, Indonesian traditional fermented milk, was assessed in this study. The aim was to evaluate the main factors influencing the viability and metabolic activity of the probiotic strains, as well as their capacity to remove microcystin-LR. Both L. plantarum strains isolated from dadih, as well as Bifidobacterium lactis strains Bb12 and 420, were shown to be more resistant, and >85% remained viable in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution for 48 h of incubation at either temperature, while the viability of the other four commercial bacteria decreased markedly over time. The effect of glucose on viability and removal of toxin was shown to be a strain-specific and strain-dependent property, but in general, the efficiency of microcystin-LR removal increased when glucose was added to the solution. A maximum removal of 95% was observed for L. plantarum strain IS-20506 (37 °C, 1011 colony-forming units mL−1) with 1–2% glucose supplementation and 75% in PBS alone.

Strain (injury)

10.1021/jf071835x

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Citations (30)

Removal of Cholera Toxin from Aqueous Solution by Probiotic Bacteria

Pharmaceuticals (2012)

Jari Heikkilä Sonja Nybom Seppo Salminen Jussi Meriluoto

Cholera remains a serious health problem, especially in developing countries where basic hygiene standards are not met. The symptoms of cholera are caused by cholera toxin, an enterotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. We have recently shown that human probiotic bacteria are capable of removing cyanobacterial toxins from aqueous solutions. In the present study we investigate the ability of the human probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (ATCC 53103) and Bifidobacterium longum 46 (DSM 14583), to remove cholera toxin from solution in vitro. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG and Bifidobacterium longum 46 were able to remove 68% and 59% of cholera toxin from aqueous solutions during 18 h of incubation at 37 °C, respectively. The effect was dependent on bacterial concentration and L. rhamnosus GG was more effective at lower bacterial concentrations. No significant effect on cholera toxin concentration was observed when nonviable bacteria or bacterial supernatant was used.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Cholera toxin

Cholera

Bifidobacterium longum

Bifidobacterium breve

Cholera vaccine

10.3390/ph5060665

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Citations (14)