A resistencia insulinica (RI) e um estado no qual ha diminuicao da resposta dos tecidos-alvo a acao da insulina. A prevalencia da RI na populacao adulta jovem nao obesa e com resposta normal ao teste de tolerância oral a glicose (TTOG) e estimada em 25%. Estudos sugerem que varios fatores poderiam contribuir com a deterioracao da tolerância a glicose em mulheres jovens, entre eles a elevacao do peso corporal e o uso de metodos contraceptivos (MAC) hormonais. Objetivos: avaliar uma coorte de mulheres saudaveis em periodo reprodutivo e sem antecedentes que pudessem interferir no metabolismo de carboidratos, para determinar a prevalencia e os fatores associados a RI. Sujeitos e Metodo: para o diagnostico de RI foi utilizada a tecnica do clamp euglicemico hiperinsulinemico (CEH). As variaveis estudadas foram sociodemograficas, uso atual de MAC combinado ou nao hormonal, tempo de uso do MAC, composicao corporal avaliada pela tecnica de absortimetria de duplo feixe de raios-X (DXA), valores de perfis lipidico e glicemico, medidas de pressao arterial e da ingestao calorica. Foi realizada analise das medias e desvio padrao (DP) das variaveis relacionadas a RI e ao uso de MAC e regressao linear multipla para avaliar fatores que pudessem influenciar a tendencia a RI. Participaram deste estudo 47 mulheres saudaveis, que responderam a veiculacao da pesquisa, com idade de 18 a 40 anos, IMC 1 ano e maiores valores de triglicerides. Conclusoes: Uma de cada 5 mulheres em idade reprodutiva e saudavel apresentou RI e mostrou elevacao de peso corporal e de cintura. E importante iniciar medidas de prevencao precoces, estimulando habitos saudaveis de alimentacao e exercicios fisicos nas mulheres observadas com elevacao de peso e medida de cintura durante o acompanhamento de planejamento familiar.
Ab
To assess the loss to follow-up after emergency care and during 6-months of outpatient follow-up, and the associated variables, among adolescent sexual violence survivors. This is a retrospective study with review of the medical records of 521 females, aged 10 to 18 years, who received emergency care in a referral service in São Paulo, Brazil. The variables were sociodemographic; personal history; characteristics of abuse, disclosure, and reactions triggered after abuse (physical and mental disorders as well as social changes), psychotropic prescription needs, and moment of abandonment: after emergency care and before completing 6 months of outpatient follow-up. To compare groups of patients lost to follow-up at each time point, we used the Chi-square and Fisher exact tests followed by multiple logistic regression with stepwise criterion for selection of associated variables. We calculated the odds ratio with confidence interval (OR, CI 95%). The level of significance adopted was 5%. A total of 249/521 (47.7%) adolescents discontinued follow-up, 184 (35.3%) after emergency care and 65 (12.4%) before completing outpatient follow-up. The variables of living with a partner (OR = 5.94 [CI 95%; 2.49-14.20]); not having a religion (OR = 2.38 [CI 95%;1.29-4.38)]), having a Catholic religion [OR = 2.11 (CI 95%; 1.17-3.78)]; and not disclosing the abuse [OR = 2.07 (CI 95%; 1.25-3.44)] were associated with loss to follow-up after emergency care. Not needing mental disorder care (OR = 2.72 [CI 95%; 1.36-5.46]) or social support (OR = 2.33 [CI 95%; 1.09-4.99]) were directly associated with loss to outpatient follow-up. Measures to improve adherence to follow-up should be aimed at adolescents who live with a partner and those who do not tell anyone about the violence. Avaliar a perda de seguimento de adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual após o atendimento de emergência, durante o seguimento ambulatorial e as variáveis associadas. MéTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com a revisão de prontuários de 521 mulheres de 10 a 18 anos, que buscaram atendimento de emergência em um serviço de referência em São Paulo, Brasil. As variáveis foram sociodemográficas; antecedentes pessoais; características do abuso, atitude de revelação e reações desencadeadas após o abuso (distúrbios físicos, mentais e mudanças sociais), necessidades de prescrição de psicotrópicos e momento do abandono: após atendimento de emergência e antes de completar 6 meses de seguimento ambulatorial. Para comparar os grupos de perda de seguimento em cada momento, foram utilizados os testes do qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, seguidos de regressão logística múltipla com critério stepwise para seleção das variáveis associadas. Calculamos a razão de probabilidade com intervalo de confiança (RP, IC 95%). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Um total de 249 (47,7%) das adolescentes descontinuaram o acompanhamento, 184 (35.3%) após o atendimento de emergência e 65 (12.4%) antes de completar o seguimento ambulatorial. As variáveis de viver com companheiro [RP = 5,94 (IC 95%; 2,49–14,20]; não ter religião [RP = 2,38 (IC 95%;1,29–4,38)], ter religião católica [RP = 2,11 (IC 95%; 1,17–3,78)] e não revelar o abuso [RP = 2,07 (IC 95%; 1,25–3,44)] foram associadas à perda de seguimento após o atendimento de emergência. Não necessitar de cuidados de saúde mental (RP = 2,72 [IC 95%; 1,36–5,46]) ou apoio social (RP = 2,33 [IC 95%; 1,09–4,99]) foram as variáveis associadas à perda do seguimento ambulatorial. CONCLUSãO: Medidas para melhorar a adesão ao seguimento devem ser direcionadas às adolescentes que vivem com parceiro e às que não revelam a violência sofrida.
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) before insertion and at 18 months of use of etonorgestrel- and levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants. METHODS: One hundred and eleven women, 19–43 years of age, were randomly allocated to two groups: 56 to etonorgestrel and 55 to levonorgestrel. BMD was evaluated at the midshaft of the ulna and at the distal radius of the non-dominant forearm using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before insertion and at 18 months of use. RESULTS: There was no difference in baseline demographic or anthropometric characteristics, or in BMD of users of either model of implant. BMD was significantly lower at 18 months of use at the midshaft of the ulna in both groups of users. However, no difference was found at the distal radius. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the variables associated with BMD at 18 months of use in both implant groups were baseline BMD, body mass index (BMI) and difference in BMI (0 versus 18 months of use). CONCLUSIONS: Women of 19–43 years of age using either one of the implants showed lower BMD at 18 months of use at the midshaft of the ulna, however, without a difference at the distal radius.
No Brasil, a realização de interrupção legal de gestação consequente à violência sexual é permitida por lei. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar vivências de mulheres após a violência sexual, no diagnóstico de gravidez, na busca pelo serviço de interrupção legal da gestação e durante a internação em um hospital universitário. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa com entrevistas semiestruturadas em dez mulheres de 18-38 anos e escolaridade ≥ 8 anos, após 1-5 anos da interrupção legal da gestação. As mulheres desconheciam o direito à interrupção legal da gestação, sentiram a violência sexual como experiência vergonhosa, mantiveram segredo e não procuraram qualquer atendimento imediato. O diagnóstico de gravidez provocou sentimentos de angústia e desejo de abortar. Para as mulheres que procuraram o setor de saúde suplementar as orientações foram precárias ou não aconteceram. O atendimento dos profissionais mostrou-se relevante para assimilação da experiência do aborto. É necessário divulgar o direito à interrupção legal da gestação e a existência de serviços que a realizam, e capacitar profissionais de saúde e segurança pública para atender esses casos.
To determine the prevalence of women with ectopic pregnancy submitted to surgical treatment at the HMCP from 1995 to 2000; as well as to evaluate some characteristics of these women and the treatment performed.The study was retrospective. Data was obtained from medical register of women submitted to laparotomy with the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Variables studied were: patient's age, place of birth and occupation, status of ectopic pregnancy (with or without rupture), type of surgery, complications and duration of hospital stay. Data was analyzed in a descriptive way, followed by logistic regression analysis.Ninety six cases were studied. Age of the majority of women (65%) ranged from 25 to 35 years; 6% were adolescents. Of all patients 30% were employed. Distribution according to status of pregnancy: the study showed that 66% presented rupture; 79% of the patients were submitted to salpingectomy with or without ooforectomy.The most frequent complication was acute anemia, including one death due to DIVC (disseminated intravascular coagulation), and 12% of the patients had to receive blood transfusion. The average time of hospital stay was of 3.63 days (SD+/-0.81). Prevalence of ectopic pregnancies did not change during the period of study and was responsible for 11.2% of the total number of laparotomies.For the period of this study, the number of women submitted to laparotomy due to ectopic pregnancy remained quite high and unchanged For control, this situation requires preventive measures at different levels. Ectopic pregnancy is a severe pathology and induces high rates of morbidity. It remains a challenge for gynecologists.
An increase has been observed in the prevalence of HIV infection among Brazilian women in recent years. This study focused on women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the primary health care system in Campinas, São Paulo. Of the 249 women interviewed, 10% reported condom use, while consistent use was reported by 7.6%. Although most women reported receiving information from television (87.6%), the quality of such information was insufficient to sensitize women as to their risk of exposure to STD. Most of the women reported physician confidence as an important factor. We conclude that women do not opt for condoms to prevent STD/AIDS, but as a contraceptive method. An instructive dialogue on STD/AIDS should be adopted during physician consultation, and the kind and quality of information should be updated to foster compliance with safer sex practices by the population.