The increased penetrations from variable renewable generation (VRG), such as solar and wind, into power systems, growing the flexibility requirements for managing the uncertainty and variability of output power. These flexibility requirements can be achieved by many flexibility options. However, q
Wind Energy Conversion Systems are considered now one of the crucial and highly demanded energy resources due to its economical usage with large quantities especially it becomes one of the interested solution due to the increasing demand of electricity and the decreasing of fossil fuel reserve all over the world. Thus, this paper presents STATCOM voltage regulator control based on different optimized controllers; PI, PIA and PI self-adaptive controllers to enhance the wind interfacing system. The different controllers rely on equilibrium optimizer (EO) technique to deduce the most suitable optimized parameters for the voltage regulator. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulating 6×1.5 MW wind turbines doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based. The verification consists of an initial comparison between two optimization techniques; harmony search (HS) and equilibrium optimizer (EO) with same controller and conditions then the better technique will be used through different controllers to get the desired control parameters. Afterwards the different controllers will be evaluated through different case studies. PI self-adaptive controller showed its superiority and robustness over the conventional PI and PIA when the studied system undergoes different fault conditions.
This paper presents a stochastic based power dispatch problem for optimizing the operation of a hybrid power system. This system includes conventional generating units as well as wind turbines and photovoltaic systems. The uncertainty of wind and solar power is considered in the renewable energy sources' operating cost. This is achieved by introducing the underestimation and overestimation costs which are based on the Weibull and Beta distribution for wind and solar output power, respectively. The constraints taken into account are transmission losses, generation limits, ramp rate limits, valve-point effects and spinning reserve constraints. The power dispatch problem is solved by the hybrid mean variance mapping optimization algorithm (MVMO-SH). The impact of renewable energy sources penetration in existing power systems is investigated through three different case studies.
This paper provides optimal day-ahead dispatch for multi-zone isolated AC/DC microgrids (MGs). The proposed approach aims to reduce the daily operational costs and customer power supply interruptions by effectively managing the MG resources. The problem is defined as a constrained integer non-linear optimization problem and is solved with the Hunger Game Search (HGS) algorithm. The HGS performance is compared to the Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The simulations' results demonstrate the proposed approach's effectiveness in achieving the required objectives.
This paper suggests a day-ahead scheduling for grid connected multi-microgrid (MMG) systems based on two-stage hierarchical model to minimize the operating cost of the MM G system. The first stage is a microgrid (M G) optimization that minimizes the cost based on the demand response programs and the battery storage system in each individual MG. The MG optimization also determines the day-ahead schedule of the dispatchable distributed generators (DDGs), batteries, and the shortage/surplus power in each MG. The second stage is MMG global optimization which minimizes the cost by allowing the power exchange among individual MGs to satisfy the total shortage of the MMG system. The MMG central controller satisfies the remaining shortage amount by various options including buying power from the main grid, operating the community DDG, and discharging the community battery storage system. The proposed optimization model is simulated using three-MG system to prove its effectiveness in minimizing the operating cost of the MMG system.
With the rising demand for electricity and limited fossil fuel reserves, wind energy conversion systems are nowadays considered a pivotal and indispensable resource within the realm of alternative power generation. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices can be utilized to improve the voltage profile and stability in the presence of large wind farms. This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic assessment for different FACTS devices used with wind farms. In the technical assessment, the improved voltage ( IV ) index is presented to quantify the contribution of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) devices with the focus on the improvement of the voltage levels during different types of faults. In the economic assessment, a cost comparison between the chosen FACTS devices is presented, where a cost related ( CR ) index is proposed which considers the investment cost in the FACTS device and the minimum revenue that could be obtained as a result of FACTS installation to keep the wind farm connected as a result of the voltage improvement during faults. In addition, guidelines to calculate the threshold for annual additional energy from the wind farm and its revenue needed to compensate for the FACTS device total cost are presented. To consider the environmental impact, the role of the FACTS devices on reducing CO 2 emissions, and the associated carbon credit certificates, is considered. Finally, to combine both assessments, a new weighted techno-economic ( TEI ) index is presented which combines the IV and the CR indices obtained from the technical and economic assessments, respectively. This index will assist system operators in selecting the optimal device, where a breakeven point serving as the criterion for selecting the best device based on the proposed approach. The results show that the TEI index for the proposed system indicates that the STATCOM is considered a preferable solution when the focus is towards the economic weight. On the other hand, the UPFC becomes a preferable solution when the technical aspect is more important to the system operator. In this study, a technical weight of 0.8364 (economic weight of 0.1636) is the turning point between the two devices. Below this weight, the STATCOM is more suitable for installation and above this weight, the UPFC is a preferred option.
This study provides an approach for hybrid AC/DC microgrids (MGs) planning. The proposed strategy objective is to reduce overall planning expenses, including investment and running costs. This is achieved by selecting each bus type and each feeder type to be DC or AC. The provided model takes into account line power loss and converter efficiency. The planning problem is formulated as a single objective optimization problem, which is implemented in MATLAB software using the Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA). The system used to assess the aforementioned planning model consists of 13-bus network, each including various elements of distributed generators (DGs) and loads such as electric vehicles (EVs) charging units, wind turbine generators (WT), and solar photovoltaic systems (PV). The efficiency of the presented planning model is evaluated by contrasting its output with the traditional AC planning and DC planning solutions. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the hybrid AC/DC microgrid planning model is efficient and achieves cost savings when compared to the conventional AC and DC planning approaches.
Many utilities have developed Transactive Energy (TE) market models. The TE market models offer small energy producers a framework to compete and gain more value from participating in the market. The utility also gains benefits from the TE market models. On the other hand, the utility is financially affected by the TE model in the form of sales reduction, forcing the grid to raise its tariffs and hence obtain fewer sales. Eventually, the grid may experience a death spiral. This paper reviews the different TE market model architectures, trading models, and clearing mechanisms. The paper also shows the possible impact of the market models on the utility with examples of utilities that experienced the death spiral and the corrective actions taken to face it. The paper provides a taxonomy for publications considering TE market models in the past three years.