SummaryThe ocelli of worker honeybees trained to forage at certain times of day were covered by various methods. About 50% of them returned to the feeding site, but subsequent careful checks of the material covering the ocelli showed that in half of these the shield was not complete. Observations over 3 days confirmed that the more light-tight the covering of the ocelli, the higher the mortality rate of the bees. The experiments showed that bees with ocelli blinded by a completely opaque covering flew back to the feeding site only rarely, and without regard to the trained feeding time.
Summary Prophylactic effect of specific egg yolk antibodies in diarrhea of weaned piglets caused by Escherichia coli K88 (F4) In this study, the protective effect of specific egg yolk antibodies on diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli K88 (F4) was investigated with 179 weaning piglets in a double‐blind field trial. The piglets were divided into three groups. The antibody group received egg powder with specific antibodies to E. coli K88, K99, 987P, and rotavirus, while one control group was fed with egg powder without specific antibodies and a second control group received no egg powder at all. The piglets were fed ad libitum. The egg powder was offered in a 5% feed ration. Compared with the control groups, the piglets of the antibody group showed significant differences (P < 0.05, X 2 ‐test) in the parameters rate of diarrhea (17.2%) (antibody group) to 60.7% (control egg group) or 56.7% (control group without egg powder), severity of symptoms (5.2–39.3% or 26.7%) and frequency of additional treatments (8.6–55.7% or 51.7%). Because of the additional treatments, no difference could be found in body‐weight gain. In control groups, three piglets died, while no pigs died in the antibody group. Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde bei 179 Absatzferkeln die prophylaktische Wirkung von spezifischen Dotterantikörpern auf Escherichia coli K88‐bedingte Durchfallerkrankungen in einem Doppelblindversuch überprüft. Die Absatzferkel wurden in drei Gruppen eingeteilt. Die Ak‐Pulver‐Gruppe erhielt Volleipulver mit spezifischen Antikörpern gegen E. coli K88, K99 und 987P sowie Rotaviren, während eine Kontrollgruppe Volleipulver ohne spezifische Antikörper (Ko‐Pulver‐Gruppe) und eine weitere Kontrollgruppe (Kontroll‐Gruppe) kein Eipulver bekam. Die Eipulver wurden jeweils in einer 5%igen Zumischung den Ferkeln ad libitum angeboten. Im Vergleich zu den Kontrollgruppen zeigten die Ferkel der Ak‐Pulver‐Gruppe signifikante Unterschiede (P < 0,05, X 2 ‐Test) bei den Parametern Durchfallinzidenz (17,2% (Ak‐Pulver‐Gruppe) zu 60,7% (Ko‐Pulver‐Gruppe) bzw. 56,7% (Kontroll‐Gruppe), Auftreten von Störungen des Allgemeinbefindens (5,2–39,3% bzw. 26,7%) und Anzahl der zusätzlich notwendigen Therapiemaßnahmen (8,6–55,7% bzw. 51,7%). Aufgrund der zusätzlichen Behandlungen war die Körpergewichtsentwicklung unbeeinflußt. In den Kontrollgruppen starben drei Ferkel, während in der Antikörper‐Gruppe keine Verluste zu verzeichnen waren.
In this study, the protective effect of specific egg yolk antibodies on diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli K88 (F4) was investigated with 179 weaning piglets in a double-blind field trial. The piglets were divided into three groups. The antibody group received egg powder with specific antibodies to E. coli K88, K99, 987P, and rotavirus, while one control group was fed with egg powder without specific antibodies and a second control group received no egg powder at all. The piglets were fed ad libitum. The egg powder was offered in a 5% feed ration. Compared with the control groups, the piglets of the antibody group showed significant differences (P < 0.05, chi 2-test) in the parameters rate of diarrhea (17.2%) (antibody group) to 60.7% (control egg group) or 56.7% (control group without egg powder), severity of symptoms (5.2-39.3% or 26.7%) and frequency of additional treatments (8.6-55.7% or 51.7%). Because of the additional treatments, no difference could be found in body-weight gain. In control groups, three piglets died, while no pigs died in the antibody group.
