By functionalizing triarylboron with cyclen, we developed a water-soluble two-photon ratiometric triarylboron probe with nucleolar targeting by preferential RNA binding.
Some important secondary reactions during alumina sinter leaching have been analyzed thermodynamically,and the behavior of SiO2 in the process also investigated. The results show that 2CaO-SiO2 can exist much more stably in caustic solution than in soda solution and sodium aluminate solution. Only the reaction of 2CaO-SiO2 with Na2CO3 can cause the concentration of SiO2 to rise with increasing leaching temperature. NaAl(OH)4 and Na2CO3 play a much more important role than NaOH in the secondary reactions. With the increasing of free Na2Ok concentration,the concentration of SiO2 decreases gradually. Moreover,the effect of Na2CO3 on dissolution of hydrogarnet in sodium aluminate solution is less than that in soda solution.
We have studied the different dependence of open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) on blend compositions in ternary blend solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the other two materials selected from phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), indene-C 60 bisadduct (ICBA), and silicon phthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyl oxide) (SiPc). For P3HT/PCBM/ICBA ternary blend solar cells, the V OC monotonically increased with increasing ICBA fraction as reported previously. On the other hand, the V OC in P3HT/ICBA/SiPc solar cells slightly decreased from 0.84 to 0.82 V at a SiPc fraction of 5% and then was kept constant independently of the SiPc fraction up to 50%. For P3HT/PCBM/SiPc solar cells, the V OC was almost independent of the SiPc fraction up to 45%, and then abruptly increased from ∼0.55 to 0.82 V at a SiPc fraction of 50%. We discuss these different compositional dependences of V OC in terms of the energetics and the blend morphology in ternary blend solar cells.
We have designed and synthesized a new chromophore having a 1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidine fused furan ring as the electron donor group to systematically investigate the role of the benzo[b]furan ring in NLO chromophores.
Hybrid organic electro-optic (OEO) modulators consist of a layer of ordered organic chromophores confined between layers of metals or semiconductors, enabling optical fields to be tightly confined within the OEO material. The combination of tight confinement with the high electro-optic (EO) performance of state-of-the-art OEO materials enables extraordinary EO modulation performance in silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) device architectures. Recent records in POH devices include bandwidths >500 GHz and energy efficiency <100 aJ/bit. To enable commercial applications of these materials and devices, however, they must withstand demanding thermal and environmental conditions, both during manufacture and operation. To address these concerns, we examined the long-term thermal and environmental shelf storage stability of state-of-the-art commercial and developmental OEO materials under a variety of conditions relevant to Telecordia GR-468-CORE standards. We examined the shelf storage of poled OEO materials under a nitrogen atmosphere at a range of temperatures from 85 ˚C up to 150 ˚C to understand the kinetics of the thermally activated de-poling of the OEO materials. We also examined the shelf storage of OEO materials under a variety of atmospheres, including the aggressive 85 ˚C and 85% relative humidity damp heat condition, to understand the relative sensitivities of the materials to water and oxygen at different temperatures. We analyze the results of these studies and discuss their implications for commercial application of these materials and devices, including manufacturing, encapsulation requirements, and expected operational lifetimes.
MXenes are normally used for energy storage applications. However, large nanosheets and restacking are detrimental to the ion diffusion and thus limit its rate capability. Here, a strategy to prepare flexible and porous MXene-M supercapacitor electrodes can simultaneously enlarge the interlayer spacing between layers and create holes in the layers. As a result, Ti3C2Tx-Mn presents an excellent lifespan, with still 248 F g-1 after 100 000 cycles at a current density of 100 A g-1. Moreover, Ti3C2Tx-Mn-based symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor exhibits outstanding volumetric energy up to 52.4 mWh cm-3 and retains 38.4 mWh cm-3 at an ultrahigh volumetric power density of 55.3 W cm-3. We believe this work provides an idea for the later regulation of MXene layer spacing and the design of porous structures, and can be widely used in the next-generation high-energy density and power density practical applications.
Molecular innovation is an urgent necessity to realize efficient all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs). Asymmetric strategy and end-group engineering have been widely utilized for efficient photovoltaic materials with great success. However, the synergistic effect of the asymmetric strategy combined with end-group engineering on blend film morphology and photovoltaic performance remains insufficiently explored. In this vein, two asymmetric small molecule donors with thiophene/thiazolyl side chains and different end-groups of 3-(2-ethylhexyl)-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone (Reh) and cyanoacetic acid esters (CA), W2-CA and W2-Reh, were designed to gain insight into the combined effects of symmetry-breaking and end-group engineering. Compared to W2-Reh, W2-CA exhibits a preferable face-on orientation and good bicontinuous phase-separated morphology, which benefit improving carrier mobility and ensuring a high-efficiency charge transfer pathway in the blended films. 16.06% power conversion efficiency (PCE) is achieved in W2-CA-based ASM-OSCs, one of the highest efficiencies reported up to now for binary ASM-OSCs. A promising avenue for high-efficiency small molecule donor design is provided to achieve efficiency ASM-OSCs.
A plasmonic modulator spanning both C- and O-band for dual-band data modulation up to 100 Gbit/s in one single device is presented. Fiber-to-fiber insertion loss can be as low as 11 dB.
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