Objective: To report an extremely rare case of neuroendocrine tumour with simultaneous involvement of both the facial nerve and the deep lobe of parotid gland. Method: case report and English language literature review concerning neuroendocrine neoplasm involving the facial nerve with emphasis on clinical presentation. Results: We report a unique case of adenoma with neuroendocrine differentiation which involved both the mastoid segment of the right facial nerve and also the deep lobe of the parotid gland on the ipsilateral side. Both tumours were not contiguous and were anatomically separate from each other. A CT scan of the whole body revealed no other neuroendocrine tumours. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the English language literature of a neuroendocrine tumour to involve both the vertical mastoid segment of the facial nerve with simultaneous involvement of the deep lobe of parotid gland as a separate lesion.
The Campus Guides: More than a Local Resource David Moffat Later this spring Princeton Architec- tural Press will release the Campus Guide to Illinois Institute of Technol- ogy (IIT), the latest in a series that is fast becoming an essential resource for understanding the role of campus in North America today. At some twenty volumes and grow- ing, the series is primarily aimed at local audiences: alumni seeking to recall the source of their affections, students exploring new environ- ments, faculty and staff wandering on unstructured lunch hours. In service of such readers, the books record the stories behind important buildings, open spaces, monuments and artwork. But they are further distinguished for a general readership by essays that discuss the campuses as important ensembles of buildings. It is here that the Campus Guides provide the most valuable insight into the ideals of American college life as it has evolved over the last several centuries. Continuing Themes In the introduction to the Campus Guide for Princeton, Raymond Rhinehart notes how Le Corbusier once likened the American university to a “green city.” In this regard, Princ- eton “is… the ideal city — a market- place for ideas set in a garden.” While partisans of other alma maters might dispute this claim, few would disagree that American campus design sets up such expectations. More than just an infrastructure of pipes and wires and walkways, a campus provides a physical record of how a university has seen itself through time. Further, writes Rhinehart, campus design is often not simply meant as an “expression of value,” but may be “enlisted to shape values.” Reading across a range of the Guides, one soon becomes aware of other important themes, especially an ongoing tension between overall orga- nizing ideas and the siting and design of individual buildings. While cam- puses are often conceived as perfect ensembles, they are never realized that way. Indeed, as different administrative and aesthetic regimes come and go, fundamental ideas may be challenged, replaced, forgotten — and reborn. In other words, a constant cycling Moffat / The Campus Guides
Abstract A case of chrondrosarcoma of the petrous temporal bone is presented. Chondrosarcomas rarely occur intracranially and typically present as a petrous apex mass. The dilemmas faced in the diagnosis and treatment of petrous apex chondrosarcomas are discussed. This case also gives interesting insight into the natural history of this tumour.
Abstract This is the official guideline endorsed by the specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. It provides recommendations on the work up and management of lateral skull base cancer based on the existing evidence base for this rare condition. Recommendations • All patients with more than one of: chronic otalgia, bloody otorrhoea, bleeding, mass, facial swelling or palsy should be biopsied. (R) • Magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging should be performed. (R) • Patients should undergo audiological assessment. (R) • Carotid angiography is recommended in select patients. (G) • The modified Pittsburg T-staging system is recommended. (G) • The minimum operation for cancer involving the temporal bone is a lateral temporal bone resection. (R) • Facial nerve rehabilitation should be initiated at primary surgery. (G) • Anterolateral thigh free flap is the workhorse flap for lateral skull base defect reconstruction. (G) • For patients undergoing surgery for squamous cell carcinoma, at least a superficial parotidectomy and selective neck dissection should be carried out. (R)
To evaluate the change in hearing handicap after translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma excision.Prospective administration of the Hearing Handicap Inventory preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively.A tertiary referral neurootology clinic.A total of 119 consecutive patients who had vestibular schwannomas excised between May 1998 and July 2002 and who had completed Hearing Handicap Inventories preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively.Translabyrinthine excision of a unilateral sporadic vestibular schwannoma; pre- and postoperative hearing therapy and rehabilitation.Hearing Handicap Inventory scores.Sixty-one percent of patients showed no change in their hearing handicap between preoperative and 3-month postoperative measures. Fifty-eight percent showed no change between preoperative and 12-month postoperative measures. Twenty-five percent of patients had a worsening in their hearing handicap when comparing preoperative and 12-month postoperative scores, and these patients were those with a better hearing class preoperatively. Seventeen percent of patients showed an improvement in their hearing handicap over this same time period, and the reasons for this remain unclear. Neither age nor tumor size had an effect on change in hearing handicap.The findings of the current study can be used during preoperative patient counseling. In particular, the clinician is now able to take an informed and positive stance about the hearing handicap to be expected postoperatively.
To assess the growth characteristics of small- to medium-sized vestibular schwannomas in patients undergoing watch, wait, and rescan management.Cohort study using prospectively collected size and tumor morphology data.Tertiary referral center for cranial base surgery.Three hundred eighty-one patients with sporadic unilateral vestibular schwannomas and 2 or more magnetic resonance scans were included. Linear measurements were used to assess tumor size. The point of growth and pattern of growth progression were assessed. Factors influencing growth were investigated.Approximately 33% of tumors demonstrated significant growth. Mean size at presentation was 9.9 mm (standard deviation [SD]. 4.8). For growing tumors, mean size at final review was 13.7 mm (SD, 4.8). This was a statistically significant increase in size (p < 0.0001). Mean annual change in size for growing tumors was 2.3 mm (SD, 2.3). 52.4% of growing tumors showed radiologically demonstrable first growth within 18 months of presentation. Approximately 7.2% of tumors showed radiologically demonstrable first growth after 5 years of follow-up. There were no demographic or morphologic predictors of growth.Tumor growth is usually slow and is most likely to occur within the first 3 years of observation. Growth may occur after five years of follow-up. A protocol for the scanning of patients is suggested based on the findings of the study.
This paper presents a systematic review of semantic music production, including a metaanalysis of three studies into how individuals use words to describe audio effects within music production.Each study followed different methodologies and stimuli.The SAFE project created audio effect plug-ins that allowed users to report suitable words to describe the perceived result.SocialFX crowdsourced a large data set of how non-professionals described the change that resulted from an effect applied to an audio sample.The Mix Evaluation Data Set performed a series of controlled studies in which students used natural language to comment extensively on the content of different mixes of the same groups of songs.The data sets provided 40,411 audio examples and 7,221 unique word descriptors from 1,646 participants.Analysis showed strong correlations between various audio features, effect parameter settings, and semantic descriptors.Meta-analysis not only revealed consistent use of descriptors among the data sets but also showed key differences that likely resulted from the different participant groups and tasks.To the authors' knowledge, this represents the first meta-study and the largest-ever analysis of music production semantics.
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