Sarah Jennifer D'Apollonia

The current study examines the challenges and constraints faced by rural, small-herd, llama (Lama glama) agropastoralists of the Bolivian Altiplano. Three different study sites with various degrees of agropastoralism were examined in order to describe the relationship between quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and llama production and the implications of land use competition between these two livelihoods. In order to document the impact of land use change, the study also examined the native forage species available to free grazing llamas and their relative importance. Llama pastoralists were interviewed and completed a survey on the perceived importance of native forage plants in grazing llama diets as well as the perceived constraints to llama husbandry. The relative frequency of citation (RFC) index was employed as a measure of relative importance of different native forage plant species. This data was supplemented with further primary data collected from the field using mixed methods involving participatory rural appraisal techniques (PRA), interviews and focus groups. Secondary data was collected from an in-depth literature review, government offices and other relevant institutions. The study presents a detailed list of all cited native forage species and their perceived importance as a forage crop and any ethnoveterinary uses. The results reveal that challenges and constraints can often be site-specific, and a lack of forage throughout the dry season (May to November) was a general constraint among study sites. Quinoa production was found to be in direct competition with llama husbandry, with many sites demonstrating s shift away from llama pastoralism.

Pastoralism

Fencing

Participatory rural appraisal

Animal Husbandry

10.22004/ag.econ.301842

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Ancient Agropastoral System of the Bolivian Altiplano: a Robust Ecosystem Endangered from Changes in Land-use

Sustainable Agriculture Research (2018)

Sarah Jennifer D'Apollonia Henrik Meilby Marten Sørensen

The current study examines the challenges and constraints faced by rural, small-herd, llama (Lama glama) agropastoralists of the Bolivian Altiplano. Three different study sites with various degrees of agropastoralism were examined in order to describe the relationship between quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and llama production and the implications of land use competition between these two livelihoods. In order to document the impact of land use change, the study also examined the native forage species available to free grazing llamas and their relative importance. Llama pastoralists were interviewed and completed a survey on the perceived importance of native forage plants in grazing llama diets as well as the perceived constraints to llama husbandry. The relative frequency of citation (RFC) index was employed as a measure of relative importance of different native forage plant species. This data was supplemented with further primary data collected from the field using mixed methods involving participatory rural appraisal techniques (PRA), interviews and focus groups. Secondary data was collected from an in-depth literature review, government offices and other relevant institutions. The study presents a detailed list of all cited native forage species and their perceived importance as a forage crop and any ethnoveterinary uses. The results reveal that challenges and constraints can often be site-specific, and a lack of forage throughout the dry season (May to November) was a general constraint among study sites. Quinoa production was found to be in direct competition with llama husbandry, with many sites demonstrating s shift away from llama pastoralism.

Pastoralism

Fencing

Participatory rural appraisal

10.5539/sar.v7n4p70

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Land-use and livelihoods - a Malaysian oil palm scheme and its social and ecological impacts.

N. Wilms-Posen M. Boomkens Sarah Jennifer D'Apollonia Alden C. Klarer Eva Kraus

Livelihoods and land-uses in rural Malaysia have undergone a series of changes in the past 40 years affecting both livelihood security and the environment. The rapid rise of oil palm cultivation has been associated with high deforestation rates and biodiversity loss and has therefore triggered concerns regarding the long term sustainability of this land use change. On the other hand, oil palm development has stimulated the national economy and it aims at promoting socio- economic development in rural areas. This study researches pathways through which the Sarawak Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority (SALCRA) oil palm scheme affects livelihood security and environmental sustainability. The study seeks to combine findings of both areas of research. It thus contributes to the evaluation of such government promoted schemes through an integrated, mixed-methods approach. In terms of livelihood security, SALCRA was found to diversify income sources of households at the study site in Sarawak, Malaysia. This diversification occurs through direct and indirect ways. Notwithstanding the positive effects and the general positive perception of SALCRA at the study site, concerns about the environmental sustainability of oil palm development have been expressed regarding soil quality. An analysis of soil active carbon in different land-use types could only partly support those concerns. The amount of labile carbon is to a large extent dependent on management practices in the oil palm plantations. Incentives for soil quality conservation and the application of sound management practices in the plantation will be crucial for creating an environment in which future livelihood options are not harmed, while present generations can still benefit from increased livelihood security.

Deforestation

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Sarah Jennifer D'Apollonia

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i-10 index

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i-10 index