Few prospective studies have examined the impact of both green tea and coffee consumption on strokes. We investigated the association of the combination of those consumption with stroke incidence in a general population.We studied 82 369 Japanese (aged 45-74 years; without cardiovascular disease [CVD] or cancer in 1995 and 1998 for Cohort I and II, respectively) who received 13 years of mean follow-up through the end of 2007. Green tea and coffee consumption was assessed by self-administered food frequency questionnaire at baseline.In the 1 066 718 person-years of follow-up, we documented the incidence of strokes (n=3425) and coronary heart disease (n=910). Compared with seldom drinking green tea, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all strokes were 0.86 (0.78-0.95) and 0.80 (0.73-0.89) in green tea 2 to 3 and ≥ 4 cups/d, respectively. Higher green tea consumption was associated with inverse risks of CVD and strokes subtypes. Compared with seldom drinking coffee, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all strokes were 0.89 (0.80-0.99), 0.80 (0.72-0.90), and 0.81 (0.72-0.91) for coffee 3 to 6 times/week and 1 and ≥ 2 times/day, respectively. Coffee consumption was associated with an inverse risk of CVD and cerebral infarction. Higher green tea or coffee consumption reduced the risks of CVD and stroke subtypes (especially in intracerebral hemorrhage, P for interaction between green tea and coffee=0.04). None of the significant association was observed in coronary heart disease.Higher green tea and coffee consumption were inversely associated with risk of CVD and stroke in general population.
Background Health effects of multiple role occupancy and their mechanism are not fully addressed. We examined (1) the association between the number of social roles and self-rated health (SRH) and (2) the mediation effects of ikigai (the sense of life worth living) and the size of close social networks to the association. Methods We analysed the cross-sectional baseline questionnaire data of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation (JPHC-NEXT) of 22 180 men and 26 616 women in age 40–59 years. The independent variable was the number of social roles, counting five social roles as a spouse, parent, child, worker and a role in a community. The dependent variable was poor SRH. Logistic regression was used to estimate the ORs for poor SRH by the number of social roles and to test linear trends. Mediation analyses were conducted to estimate the proportion mediated by ikigai and the size of close social networks. Results Compared with people with 0–1 social role, those who had two or more roles had a lower OR of poor SRH in both men and women. There was a linear inverse trend in the association; people having the largest (5) versus lowest (0–1) number of social roles had the lowest ORs: 0.55 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.66) in men and 0.72 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.86) in women. The estimated proportion mediated by ikigai was over 50%, whereas the size of close social networks mediated the association by approximately 20%. Conclusion An inverse association between the number of social roles and poor SRH and mediation effects of ikigai and the size of close social networks were identified. Having even one more social role might benefit subjective health via increased ikigai and the size of close social networks.
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is one of the potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have indicated the association of SDB and carotid-artery atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the relationship between nocturnal intermittent hypoxia, a surrogate marker of sleep disordered breathing, and Carotid-artery intima-media thickness (IMT), an early finding of atherosclerosis, in middle-aged and elderly Japanese population. The participants were 690 men and 1249 women aged 30–79 years in the Toon Health Study between 2009 and 2012. Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia was assessed by 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) during one-night using pulse-oxymetry. Subjects were divided into 3 categories according to the levels of 3% ODI: low (<5 times/hour), moderate (5–15 times/hour), and high (>=15 times/hour). Carotid-artery intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by using ultrasonography. Carotid-artery atherosclerosis was diagnosed according to the IMT of >=1.1. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between 3%ODI and atherosclerosis after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Higher 3% ODI was significantly associated with having atherosclerosis in men, but not significant in women. Compared to low 3% ODI, the multivariable adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) were 1.41 (0.86–2.30) in moderate, and 1.85 (1.01–3.39) in high among men. The multivariable adjusted odds ratios of having atherosclerosis associated with the level of 3%ODI were more evident among BMI of >=25. Our results indicated that the severity of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia is independently associated with atherosclerosis in middle-aged and elderly Japanese men.
We investigated the relationship between cardiovascular autonomic nervous system function and carotid arterial distensibility during treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (derapril) or a calcium channel blocker (manidipine) for hypertension. In 37 patients with hypertension, autonomic function was assessed by heart rate variability and baroreceptor sensitivity using phenylephrine injection. Left ventricular mass index and carotid arterial distensibility were assessed by ultrasound examinations. Before the medication, both baroreceptor sensitivity and heart rate variability correlated with carotid arterial distensibility, but not with left ventricular mass index by multiple regression analysis. Subsequently, patients were randomly allocated into two groups, derapril (n = 18) and manidipine (n = 19) for 20 weeks. At the end of the study, the change in baroreceptor sensitivity correlated with change in carotid arterial distensibility (r = 0.41, P < .05), but not with change in left ventricular mass index. Although derapril and manidipine decreased blood pressure and left ventricular mass index to the same extent, the former improved heart rate variability, baroreceptor sensitivity (5.0 ± 1.9 → 5.6 ± 2.0 msec/mm Hg), and carotid arterial distensibility (2.1 ± 0.8 → 2.5 ± 1.0 %kPa), but the latter did not improve them at all. Thus, impairment of the autonomic balance was related to the impairment of carotid arterial distensibility in hypertension; derapril, but not manidipine, significantly improved these abnormalities.
AbstractThe accumulation of DNA damages by environmental stresses is represented by the steady state level of single strand breaks (SSBs) and double strand breaks (DSBs). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated end labeling is suitable in detecting DSBs, but is unsuitable for SSBs due to its catalyzing characteristics. However, the sensitivity of TdT to detect SSBs may be significantly improved by first denaturing the double strands and expose all the DNA nicks as potential substrates for TdT. By coupling DNA denaturation to slot blot southern hybridization, the authors demonstrate the sensitive detection of SSBs as well as DSBs in 20 ng DNA samples derived from a retinal pigment epithelial cell line treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The signal intensity of denatured and TdT-treated DNA in slot blot hybridization correlated to the amount of SSBs calculated in an S1 nuclease digestion assay. The signal ratio between denatured and non-denatured DNA likely approximates the SSBs/DSBs ratio in genomic DNA. The combination of DNA denaturing, TdT treatment and slot blot hybridization could be a useful method to assess oxidative stress-induced DNA strand damages.DNA strand breakTerminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-Butyl hydroperoxideSlot blot
Risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Dominicans were compared with those of Japanese and Americans for the presumption of prevalence of CHD in about 2000 persons. Dominican adults aged 20 through 76 years were medically examined in 1993. Data of nationally representative Japanese and Americans which included serum lipid levels were compared. Total cholesterol levels(TCH) in Dominicans were lower than those in Americans. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Dominicans were lower than those in Japanese and Americans. The prevalence of hypertension and current smoking rates in Dominicans were similar to that of Americans and lower than that of Japanese. TCH in Americans have substantially been declining and those in Japanese were inadequate for preventing CHD. The prevalence of CHD in Dominicans may be lower than that of Americans viewed from the recent levels of main risk factors. Community wide health programs have spread to people with hypertension a decrease in the incidence of CHD should occur. J Epidemiol, 1997; 7 : 238-243.
Fifty-five clinical strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were examined for mutations in the gyrA and parC genes and for antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. The MICs of quinolones for 31 strains with alterations in GyrA were significantly higher than the MICs for 24 strains without such alterations. Eleven strains with alterations in both GyrA and ParC were significantly more resistant to fluoroquinolones than those with alterations in GyrA alone. The MICs of cephalosporins for these strains were also significantly higher than those for other strains.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoinduced reactions. 167. Selective deoxygenation of secondary alcohols by photosensitized electron-transfer reaction. A general procedure for deoxygenation of ribonucleosidesIsao. Saito, Hideyuki. Ikehira, Ryuichiro. Kasatani, Masakazu. Watanabe, and Teruo. MatsuuraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 11, 3115–3117Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00271a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00271a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1038Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
