Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the well-known pathogen in human medicine. S. aureus can cause asymptomatic colonisation as well as life-threatening infection. In the present study, we address the question does the genotype and virulence factors play role in making S. aureus as a pathogen or colonizer and whether the clinical outcome of S. aureus can be predicted by genotyping and virulence profiling. Methods: A total of 18 S. aureus isolates collected from bloodstream, wound and healthy nasal carriers (6 from each group) were characterised by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), accessory gene regulator (agr) typing, staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and virulent gene profiling (sea, seb, sec,seg, seh, sei, eta, etb, ACME, cna, fnbA, icaA, icaD, pvl, tsst). Results: Molecular typing revealed that majority of infectious isolates belonged to ST1 and ST239. Most of the infectious and carriage isolates shared the agr group III. Spa typing and PFGE patterns demonstrated high variance among S. aureus isolates, although with the similar clinical manifestation. On the other hand, isolates that shared similar genotype presented different clinical outcomes. Among the 18 isolates, mecA and pvl genes were only possessed by the invasive isolates, while virulence genes seb and seg enterotoxin b and g were often harbored by healthy carriage isolates. Bacteremia associated-isolates rarely harbored seh and sei when compared to wound infection and healthy carrier isolates. Conclusion: Overall, the virulence genes were heterogeneously distributed among the isolates and propose an exchange of virulence genes between the S. aureus strains. Isolate which harbor most of the virulence genes (exclude pvl gene) do not mean that it can cause significant clinical manifestation in host. Further studies are needed to explain whether virulence gene expression and host factor may play a role in the clinical infection outcomes.
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