We investigated a mass mortality event of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in the Novigrad Sea, Croatia during winter 2022/2023. The mortality rate was up to 70% and was initially linked to an influx of freshwater from the Zrmanja River. Despite mitigation measures that included placing mussels deeper to avoid the influence of freshwater, mortalities continued. Subsequent analysis of 64 samples using cytology, histolology and real-time PCR to exclude listed diseases, yielded negative results. PCR testing for Haplosporidium pinnae revealed the presence of a haplosporidian-like DNA resembling Minchinia mytili. In the study of predominant bacteria, Psychrobacter sp., Colwellia sp., and Vibrio splendidus were detected. Histological examination showed no haplosporidium structures, and in situ hybridisation with probes for detection of Haplosporiidae did not confirmed the presence of M. mytili in mussel tissue. However, our study reports the first detection of M. mytili DNA in the Adriatic Sea, emphasising the need for extensive research and further analysis to determine the exact cause of these mass mortality events and the origin of the haplosporidium DNA.
Aquaculture of European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) and gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) is an essential activity in the Mediterranean basin. Several EU Horizon 2020 and regional projects are focusing on the improvement of their farming performance. This workshop aimed at displaying, sharing and discussing projects’ achievements among interested colleagues engaged to work with fish diseases. The most innovative research outputs aiming to improve the European mariculture were presented during this workshop, including updates from EU Horizon 2020 projects MedAID, PerformFISH, ParaFishControl, FutureEUAqua and the Italy-Croatia Interreg project AdriAquaNet.
Fish is an essential component of a balanced and healthy diet and the present demand for fish cannot be sustained by capture fisheries. Consequently, aquaculture is currently the fastest growing food production industry in the world, contributing to more than half of the global fish production intended for human consumption. Although the image of aquaculture is not necessarily negative per se, consumers around the world still have a greater preference for wild fish. Therefore, the aim of this review is to critically evaluate some of the factors which may affect consumer preferences: socio-demographic characteristics of consumers, quality and safety perception of products from aquaculture, price of aquaculture products and socio-economic aspects of aquaculture, and concerns about the negative impact of aquaculture on the environment and about the sustainability of the production method. A literature review confirmed that age is the most influential sociodemographic variable. Being younger, female or having higher income and a higher education level can result in greater preference for aquaculture products. The image of farmed fish suffers from a perception of lower quality in terms of taste, health and nutritional value and, in some cases, even from low safety perceptions. On the other hand, farmed fish is believed to have lower prices and greater availability. Additionally, economic benefits are one of the main advantages of aquaculture. Mixed results emerge, however, with regard to the environmental impact of aquaculture, but sustainable production may compensate for possible environmental concerns and drive preference for farmed fish. Depending on how consumers weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of both aquaculture and its products, this will result in a preference for wild or farmed fis
During the spring of 1996 and autumn of 1997 unusual mortality outbreaks among rainbow trout fry and yearlings occurred at two different trout farms, resulting in mortality of 20 and 10 per cent, respectively. Generally, the affected fish, swimming at the water surface, were reluctant to eat and were dark pigmented with visible haemorrhages around and within the oral cavity. Bacterial isolates from moribund fish from both cases were identified as Yersinia ruckeri by standard biochemical tests and API 20E. The isolated strains were found to be sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid, flumequine, enrofloxacin, carbenicillin and gentamicin. Microplate agglutination assay confirmed that both isolates belonged to serotype O1. The pathogenicity of the isolated bacteria was confirmed by challenge experiment. Titres of specific antibodies were determined in the sera of survivors. The titre was highest on the 21st day postchallenge and was detectable until the 81st day.
European oysters, Ostrea edulis, L. were kept in plastic mesh cages at three depths at two commercial oyster farm sites within Mali Ston Bay, Croatia, between April 2004 and August 2005. Oysters from each cultivation depth were sampled at both sites at approximately 3-month intervals for growth parameters, mortality rate control and condition index calculation. The growth parameters of experimental groups from both sites only revealed a considerable distinction for shell length growth (P=0.011). Total weight gain and soft tissue weight gain were the highest for groups cultivated in the middle of the water column as compared with the top and bottom positions for both studied sites. Survival rates were very similar in all experimental groups, situated at different depths of both experimental sites, and differences in the mortality peak during the summer months were not significant. Condition indices fluctuated throughout the trial period and were the highest in spring and summer, with a reduction during the winter months and improvement again in the spring.
Elevated mortalities of brown trout (Salmo trua m. fario ) and grayling (Thymallus thymallus) were noticed in the Cetina River at the end of the February. Local anglers collected the samples of moribund fish and submied them to the laboratory for examination. Ectoparasitological, bacteriological and virological examination did not reveal any ectoparasite, bacteria or viral agents, however pyloric caeca and intestine were tightly packed with mixed infection of Echinorhynchus truae (Acanthocephala, Echinorhynchidae) and Cyathocephalus truncatus (Cestoda, Spathebothriidae). Histopathology revealed complete desquamation of functional epithelial mucosa in the intestine. In between aached parasites, intestinal lumen was filled with thick necrotic tissue mass of sloughed enterocytes, mucus, bacteria and lymphocytes. While cestodes rarely cause death, and the acanthocephalan proboscis did not perforated intestinal wall, ruling out general septicaemia as a cause of death, histopathological examination suggests that high load of intestinal helminths triggered long-term malnutrition, eventually leading to trout emaciation and mortalities.